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Road to the Apple II: Apple for Sale (Part 1)

 

00:00:00   People have been hearing all sorts of things about computers during the past 10 years through

00:00:14   the media. Supposedly, computers have been controlling various aspects of their lives,

00:00:19   yet, in spite of that, most adults have no idea what a computer really is or what it can

00:00:26   or can't do. Now, for the first time, people can actually buy a computer for the price of

00:00:32   a good stereo, interact with it, and find out all about it. We started a little personal

00:00:38   computer manufacturing company in a garage in Los Altos in 1976. Now we're the largest

00:00:45   personal computer company in the world. We make what we think of as the Rolls Royce of

00:00:50   personal computers. It's a domesticated computer. People expect blinking lights, but what they

00:00:56   find is that it looks like a portable typewriter, which, connected to a suitable readout screen,

00:01:02   is able to display in color. There's a feedback it gives to people who use it, and the enthusiasm

00:01:08   of the users is tremendous. We're always asked what it can do, and it can do a lot

00:01:14   of things. But in my opinion, the real thing it is doing right now is to teach people how

00:01:20   to program the computer. These are the words of a 22-year-old Steve Jobs quoted in the November

00:01:28   the November 14th, 1977 issue of the New Yorker. Welcome to Designed in California, where we are

00:01:36   telling the best stories from across 50 years of Apple history. My name is Mike Hurley, and I am joined

00:01:44   by Jason Snell. Hello, Jason Snell. Hello, Mike Hurley. It's good to be back. So many decades,

00:01:48   so many eras, so many different stories to tell. Really excited to be telling those stories with you.

00:01:54   Jason, what is this computer that Steve Jobs is talking about here in the New Yorker?

00:01:58   He is talking about the Apple II computer, Mike. Okay. The Apple II, Steve Wozniak's second

00:02:04   computer design, at least under the aegis of Apple computer. Now, we are here continuing a story that

00:02:11   we started on the 50th anniversary of Apple, which is to tell some of the story of the very earliest days,

00:02:18   the prehistory and very early history. We are talking 1976, when they signed those papers through

00:02:27   basically early 1977, extending essentially to where young Steve Jobs shows up randomly in an article in

00:02:33   the New Yorker. Last time, we talked about how Apple came to be, how it all happened because a 26-year-old

00:02:42   Steve Wozniak designed his own personal computer circuit board and a 21-year-old Steve Jobs had the

00:02:49   idea to produce a bunch of them and sell them to a local computer store. Now, when we last left you,

00:02:56   Apple had registered as a partnership. It had gotten some help in doing net 30 accounting from their

00:03:02   suppliers because they didn't have the money otherwise to buy the supplies, to assemble the computers,

00:03:06   to fulfill that first set of Apple ones to their first customer, which was a computer store called

00:03:12   the Byte Shop. Once they did that, they had money left over from their profits to make some more Apple

00:03:18   ones and start to sell those. That's where we left it. Eventually, Apple would need to become a real

00:03:25   business. Eventually, they would need to ship a real product, not a sort of pre-assembled circuit board.

00:03:31   That product was this new computer Steve Wozniak had been working on that would ultimately be known as the

00:03:36   Apple II. And we will get to that computer in this series. And we will get to the start of a real business

00:03:44   of Apple computer. But first, we need to take a few steps back because I need to take you back to the late

00:03:52   summer of 1976, where the Apple I is finally out there. And it's kind of a failure. It's not a technical

00:04:01   failure necessarily. Everybody agrees it was a brilliant feat of engineering on the part of Steve Wozniak.

00:04:08   The issue was that nobody was really buying them. The truth is that even though the Apple I was a major

00:04:15   step forward in terms of the hobbyist computer world, you didn't have to buy the chips and install

00:04:21   them yourselves, right? That was part of what they were doing. It was still a do it yourselfers device.

00:04:28   What Steve Jobs delivered in our last go round with this to the bite shop and what Apple advertised in

00:04:35   some computer magazines and took to the homebrew computer club, you still needed to attach a keyboard

00:04:41   and a display. And talking about screwing it into a block of wood, you had to put it in a case. It was

00:04:48   not a consumer product. It was just a better hobbyist product. And it was a better sort of hobbyist product.

00:04:54   But what it was not was a computer for the masses. This is not what they were doing. And as a result,

00:05:01   the volumes of what Apple was selling were not even close to some early PCs like the Altair, which was

00:05:07   again, a lot less friendly. But that didn't end up mattering. Apple was a very, very niche player.

00:05:13   So do we have a sense for the computers that were delivered to the bite shop? Were they sold? Do we

00:05:20   get a sense that these were successful enough for them? I do. I think that the bite shop was catering to

00:05:27   a hobbyist market who appreciated the fact that they were completely assembled,

00:05:32   even though there is that famous line about how the guy from the bite shop wanted it with keyboards

00:05:36   and displays, which they're like, are you kidding? That's not, you know, that's not something we're

00:05:40   going to be doing. But that's also a clue. Like I have to imagine that that was also in Steve Jobs's

00:05:46   mind that, oh, what people really want and what we really should get them as a whole product.

00:05:51   And this is the moment, right? This is the moment that Apple One is kind of like losing steam or has

00:05:55   lost steam. Apple was created to make the Apple One. It really, that was it. So does Apple go down one

00:06:02   path and become a forgotten hobby project launched by a couple of kids from the Valley who should have

00:06:07   known better? Or does it turn into a real business? This is the moment where they have to figure that out.

00:06:12   So when I've been thinking about this and like reflecting on our last episode and even you saying

00:06:19   right now, this idea that the Apple One is kind of a failure, I guess the assumption is at this point

00:06:25   that nobody would have assumed that Apple would have been able to be a company to be taken seriously at

00:06:30   this point. Because I would guess there are many small teams in the Valley trying to do something

00:06:37   in this space at this time. And that while the Apple One is interesting, it isn't an obvious path

00:06:45   that we get to where we are today. Yes, including one of the prime movers in the homebrew computer

00:06:50   club who we'll be hearing from soon, who has started his own computer company. So there are a lot of

00:06:56   computer companies out there. This is not, there is nothing. The most notable thing about Apple in

00:07:00   this point is that they would become Apple that we know. This is going to come back again and again,

00:07:05   Mike, in this series, which is, it's a couple of kids and their friends making technology things in

00:07:11   one of the kids' parents' garage. It's not impressive. We are only talking about this because of who they

00:07:17   became. Right. Not because what they were doing at this exact point was really that notable.

00:07:22   Yeah. Well, it's very formative for where they go. And they are doing things technically that are

00:07:27   going to be the reason they lift off. Right. Okay.

00:07:31   But they're not quite there yet. The combination, the alchemy between Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak is

00:07:36   going to launch them on that path. But at this moment, I guess what I could say is there's a path here where

00:07:43   Apple just ends right now. That's like, well, we had fun, didn't we? We sold those things and made

00:07:47   a little bit of money. But that's not what happens. So part of this is the creative drive

00:07:52   of Steve Wozniak. We often think so linearly about this where it's like, well, they made the Apple

00:07:57   one and they sold the Apple one. And then there's this idea like, and they did that for a while and

00:08:01   then they stopped and said, well, I guess what comes next? Apple two, I guess. Let's do that.

00:08:04   And that's not what happens. Steve Wozniak designs the Apple one, setting off everything we talked

00:08:09   about in our last episode. He's not sitting still. He knows all of the limitations of the Apple one.

00:08:15   And he wants to make his next computer. So he's already working on what will become

00:08:20   the Apple two. He, he has been counting all the ways that he can make a better computer than that

00:08:25   first computer that he designed. That would be the basis of a new product from Apple. The problem is

00:08:32   they, they're going to need money, right? They're going to need money because they, they've already had

00:08:37   this issue with the Apple one to get enough money to make them and, and a 30 day net at the technology

00:08:43   supplier in order to get it to work. All of that. And keep in mind that they're only this far because

00:08:51   Steve jobs sold his van and Steve Wozniak sold his HP calculator. Yep. And even then they had to use the net

00:08:57   30 day credit policy from their supplier. So they don't have money. They don't have money. So what are they

00:09:03   going to do to build a real consumer product instead of just a hobbyist gadget? They're going to need serious

00:09:09   investment and a business plan and probably a lot more discipline than you might expect from a couple

00:09:15   of 20 somethings and their friends who are assembling computers in the garage. Yeah.

00:09:18   Or alternatively, you could just sell the company and provide the technology for a more established

00:09:24   company with a ready-made hit new personal computer. You could do that. You could sell it,

00:09:28   which they tried and they failed to do that. So, um, in our last set, we talked about Mike Markala,

00:09:37   who is 34. He seems like the wise old man, right? And compared to jobs and Wozniak,

00:09:43   he is the wise old man, but he's only 34, but he made enough money at a couple of previous tech

00:09:47   companies to retire. He likes messing around in Silicon Valley. He enjoys advising other up and coming

00:09:51   interesting industry types. And the two Steve's jobs and Wozniak are people he's going to help.

00:09:58   But I want to be clear. The reason that Mike Markala comes into the scene and helps make Apple

00:10:02   what it is going to be is because Steve jobs is trying to sell Apple to anyone who might buy it,

00:10:09   that this is the, the other path. We can make a computer. Surely a large company with lots of money

00:10:16   will give us money, take our technology and then help us build the next personal computer.

00:10:22   That's the big idea that Steve jobs has is can I take this little Apple thing that we did this hobby

00:10:27   and sell it? That's the plan. So jobs is going around the valley. He's trying to sell Apple to the

00:10:34   highest, middlest or lowest bidder, I guess. And that's how Markala comes into the picture when this

00:10:40   thing becomes on the table. It all will lead to Mike Markala, but just putting in the context,

00:10:45   Mike Markala is always like, oh, well, and then he invested in Apple and got them a credit line.

00:10:49   And then everything worked out. And the truth is, it only happened because they were trying to just

00:10:56   sell out. And that didn't work. So they had to do Apple instead.

00:10:59   No, I actually didn't know about that. I didn't know because I guess it's not in the,

00:11:04   it's not in the condensed histories that people tell now that Apple was essentially trying to be sold for parts.

00:11:11   One of the things we're trying to do with this show is tell these stories. And I hope that we are

00:11:19   unflattening some of the history because there is a simple flat history of Apple that skips over a lot

00:11:24   of these twists and turns that we're trying to get across here that are part of the actual story.

00:11:28   The story, as much as with any history, it's much more complicated and messy than the simple version

00:11:34   that you might have heard. And this is definitely an example of a path almost taken that literally,

00:11:39   if Steve Jobs had gotten his way, they would have sold off Apple to somebody and they wouldn't have

00:11:43   had to worry about it ever again. But that didn't happen.

00:11:46   Well, that feels like as perfect time as any for us to take a break. And then when we come back,

00:11:51   we can talk about the near misses of selling Apple to the best bidder.

00:11:55   Sounds good.

00:11:56   Hello, everybody. I hope you're enjoying this first preview episode of Designed in California.

00:12:02   If you're enjoying this, you should go back to the Kickstarter campaign at design.fm. Thank you so

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00:12:14   show for its first year. Essentially, Designed in California will be a weekly podcast when it

00:12:19   launches later on this year. So thank you so much to all of you that have. We have been blown away

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00:12:30   get to tell you these stories over the next year. Yeah. But there's more to do. And if you haven't

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00:12:47   including, and some of these have been announced and some of these will be announced as we go,

00:12:52   but like including doing an interview series where I talk to people who have either written about Apple

00:12:58   or who have worked at Apple about some aspect of history that they were involved with. We could throw

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00:13:59   episodes and kind of giving you updates about where we are and the things that we're planning on.

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00:14:09   All right. So welcome back. Jason, can you fill me in? Who was on the table to try and buy this

00:14:16   little Apple computer company? Oh, well, there are the giants of Silicon Valley, of course. So when we

00:14:22   talked about this on the 50th anniversary of Apple, I mentioned that this all started with Steve

00:14:27   Wozniak saying, "Well, I work at Hewlett Packard, so I should probably give them the opportunity to buy

00:14:33   the Apple One design before I go and make a company of my own." And every division of Hewlett Packard

00:14:40   turned him down. So, okay, not going to be HP. Now, Steve Jobs had been working at Atari, the video

00:14:47   game company, which for people who don't know was the name in video games. They did Pong. They were the

00:14:53   the be all, end all of Breakout. This was the earliest video game era and Atari was one of the

00:15:01   first huge successes in Silicon Valley. And since Steve had worked there, Jobs, he pitched them on

00:15:07   buying Apple. He ends up meeting with the president of Atari, who is not the person that he'd been

00:15:13   working with when he worked there. And this guy's named Joe Keenan. And he is a much more conservative

00:15:19   business guy than the people Jobs had been working with at Atari. And okay, this is what I was

00:15:26   referencing before. And while it is a unfair flattening of the history, if you will, to say

00:15:33   that Silicon Valley was a bunch of smelly hippies, this is an era where Steve Jobs didn't want to bathe,

00:15:42   only ate fruit and frequently walked around barefoot.

00:15:46   It's not speaking for all Silicon Valley residents, but specifically for Jobs.

00:15:51   Joe Keenan, the president of Atari, could not stand him. And he said, not only are we not going to buy

00:15:56   this thing, get your feet off my desk. Imagine, just imagine.

00:16:01   I feel like, I mean, obviously, this is a different time. It was a time that I did not

00:16:04   occupy. But I struggled to be able to reconcile a person who is trying to either A, start a company,

00:16:15   or B, sell a company, which is a very capitalistic endeavor with a success-driven end goal, but then

00:16:22   acts in this way. Like, if you have a personal decision to only eat fruit and not bathe, fine.

00:16:29   But then you go into these rooms and put your feet on people's desks. Like,

00:16:33   I feel like I can't get into the mind of the man who is doing this. It's very peculiar to me.

00:16:41   The more I dive into Steve Jobs for this project, the more I'm reminded what an odd person he was

00:16:47   throughout his life. And he grew a lot. There was a lot of personal and professional growth,

00:16:51   no doubt. In this era, it is just kind of like, I don't know. I mean, he's kind of wild.

00:16:59   I mean, he grew up in the Valley, but to be fair, in the 60s and 70s, but he doesn't know what he's

00:17:06   doing. I mean, that's really it. He clearly is so enamored with what they're doing and what they have

00:17:12   and who he is that he thinks that it's fine. And he's running into people who are more establishment

00:17:19   types, right? I mean, there is a hippies and squares dynamic going on here a little bit. And eventually,

00:17:26   Steve Jobs will get with the program and put on a suit and stuff. But this is not that Steve Jobs.

00:17:30   This is summer of 1976, Steve Jobs. And he's putting his feet up. I hope he was wearing shoes

00:17:37   when he put his feet up on their desk. I'm assuming he wasn't, which is, I'm assuming he wasn't. But who

00:17:43   knows? We can't know. Nolan Bushnell, who was the CEO of Atari at the time, because Keenan was the

00:17:49   president. And Nolan Bushnell had worked with Steve Jobs. And what he said, I believe to David Pogue in

00:17:57   his Apple First 50 Years book, excellent book, on sale now. Bushnell said, "He asked me if I would put

00:18:02   $50,000 in and he would give me a third of the company. I was so smart. I said, no. It's kind of

00:18:10   fun to think about that when I'm not crying."

00:18:15   In hindsight, this is a giant mistake, right? But at the time, do you blame any of these people for

00:18:21   saying, I'm not going to give these kids money?

00:18:23   Even if Jobs was more regular, it's still a flyer.

00:18:28   It's a tough sell. But he's not putting his best foot, his best dirty, barefoot forward.

00:18:33   Jobs also pitched a bunch of venture capital firms in Silicon Valley. VC existed even in the 70s,

00:18:41   folks, yes. They all passed. What next? Steve Jobs, like, who will buy this Apple computer from me?

00:18:48   He heard that there was a company that was big in electronic calculators. So before

00:18:53   their computers, there were calculators. So people were using electronics to build

00:18:58   calculators or adding machines, sometimes they were called, which I think is a hilarious term.

00:19:03   They never subtracted. They only added.

00:19:05   I mean, you added backward to get the subtraction there. Interesting.

00:19:09   It was Commodore Business Machines, the name of the calculator maker. He had heard that they were

00:19:14   interested in getting in the personal computer game, and they had an office in Silicon Valley,

00:19:19   in Santa Clara. So there was a possibility there. Let me stop

00:19:23   you for a moment now and tell you about Commodore Business Machines, a company that people now know

00:19:29   if they know them at all as the makers of the Commodore 64, right? That was their hit

00:19:33   computer product in the 80s. There are a lot of our friends who are children of the C64 and love it and

00:19:41   had it and played games on it. And that was Commodore to them. This is before that. Commodore

00:19:49   is a little shady, I'm going to say. Maybe a lot shady.

00:19:53   I've been really excited to talk about this part. So Michael S. Malone wrote a book called Infinite

00:19:59   Loop that I think is out of print now, but it's a great book about Apple. He refers to Commodore as

00:20:04   registered in the Bahamas, incorporated in Canada, lists its headquarters as Santa Clara,

00:20:08   and at times appear to be run out of Norristown, Pennsylvania.

00:20:11   Yeah. This is just normal stuff that you do when you have a regular business on the up and up.

00:20:16   Perfectly normal business. Just regular, smooth stuff.

00:20:20   Yeah. Yeah. Well, because it's so normal, you will not be surprised by the other totally normal

00:20:25   stuff that happened at Commodore. Like a decade earlier, its chairman had died under suspicious

00:20:30   circumstances while under investigation for defrauding investors. Perfectly normal.

00:20:38   But it had become a major player in adding machines and calculators, led by their CEO,

00:20:45   a person who has the most main character energy of maybe anybody ever, a guy named Jack Tramiel.

00:20:52   Okay. Jack Tramiel was Polish. He was a survivor of Auschwitz.

00:20:56   After being rescued from a Nazi labor camp, he emigrated to the US. He learned how to repair

00:21:02   office equipment, including typewriters, and started a business.

00:21:06   It's American dream, folks. It's post-war America. He wanted to connect it to the military. He

00:21:12   couldn't get the names Admiral or General, so the company became Commodore portable typewriter.

00:21:18   Hang on a minute.

00:21:18   Because USA, USA.

00:21:20   Sure.

00:21:20   I mean, the Navy needs typewriters too, I guess. No, I mean, the idea is like everybody is very,

00:21:25   you know, so many people are veterans of World War II in this era, and he wanted to

00:21:29   kind of like steal a little bit of that valor maybe, and Admiral and General were taken. So Commodore,

00:21:34   his first big deal, and I am not making this up, was importing typewriter parts from Czechoslovakia

00:21:44   to Canada to avoid import issues. It's a tariff thing involving the Cold War, because of course,

00:21:52   Czechoslovakia was part of the Warsaw Pact. It was part of the Russian sphere of influence,

00:21:58   the Soviet sphere of influence. So the US didn't want you importing your Czechoslovakian typewriter

00:22:03   parts. So Jack Tramiel used Canada as a way station, that he would assemble his typewriters from the parts

00:22:11   in Canada. And then the Canadian assembled typewriters, nobody mentioned Czechoslovakia,

00:22:17   would be resold throughout North America.

00:22:20   Incredible.

00:22:21   So that's how he built Commodore. And then he later pivoted to the adding machines and electronic

00:22:25   calculators as well. Right.

00:22:27   This guy, if you not already detected it, was a character. He was bald. He was gruff. He was

00:22:35   impatient with employees. He was famous for withholding payment to suppliers. And generally,

00:22:41   throughout all of the references I can find to him, terrifying, just terrifying.

00:22:47   He would sometimes shut down all conversation. This was his big move. He would shut down all

00:22:51   conversation with people he felt considered themselves superior to him because of their

00:22:56   educational background, because he was a poor kid from Poland who got out of the labor camp,

00:23:01   got to the US, built himself up by his bootstraps, right? People who felt all fancy to him,

00:23:07   he would declare he also went to university. He went to the University of Auschwitz.

00:23:14   Oh my God.

00:23:15   Well, that end of, I mean, end of conversation there.

00:23:18   It's like, okay. And then everybody leaves. I don't know what you're supposed to say to that.

00:23:23   I, I don't. I mean, yeah. What can you say?

00:23:27   I mean, it's probably why he kept reusing it because it worked every single time.

00:23:31   You've heard of conversation starters. This was a conversation stopper.

00:23:34   100% success rate on I went to the University of Auschwitz.

00:23:38   Man, Jack Tramiel, everybody. So another feature of Commodore's products,

00:23:43   mechanics apparently, and their calculators in particular, was that they were actually well

00:23:46   designed, but then cheaply built.

00:23:48   Okay.

00:23:48   That allowed him to sell them at low prices. At some point, Tramiel was frustrated by his chip

00:23:54   partners and he ended out buying MOS technologies. These are the people who made the 6502 chip.

00:24:01   That was the chip that inspired Waz to make his first personal computer circuit board design.

00:24:05   It was very much a, honestly, it's a very much a, uh, an Apple kind of move, which is, uh, we're,

00:24:11   we don't like how this chip business is going. We're going to buy the chip maker and then we're

00:24:15   going to own them and then we can get all the chips we want, I guess. Along with MOS technologies came,

00:24:21   uh, the guy who created the 6502 was a guy named Chuck pedal and he convinced Tramiel that Commodore

00:24:29   could excel at personal computers too. And he knew Chuck pedal knew where they could get a good computer

00:24:35   design on the cheap. Namely, are you getting it yet? From two guys who had to sell their van and calculator

00:24:41   to make a computer in a garage, right pickings right for the taking. We can swoop in there. We can just

00:24:47   duck into that garage, write them a check, get their computer and we're good. And so this is what they

00:24:54   tried sometime in the early fall of 1976. Chuck pedal and another Commodore executive who is not Jack Tramiel

00:25:01   show up at the garage and ask Steve jobs to suggest a purchase price. And remember Steve jobs wants to sell.

00:25:08   Yep. This is what he wants. Steve Wozniak describes the scene to Walter Isaacson in the Steve jobs

00:25:14   biography as we'd open Steve's garage to the sunlight and he came in wearing a suit and a cowboy hat.

00:25:23   This is the Commodore executives, right? Yeah. Okay. All right. So Steve jobs makes his pitch. He says,

00:25:29   you can have apple for a hundred thousand dollars plus some stock in Commodore and you have to guarantee

00:25:36   that both of us have full-time jobs at $36,000 a year, which is a lot back then.

00:25:43   So today that's about half a million dollars for the company and jobs that would pay the steves

00:25:49   200 grand a year each. So they want to be set up. It's a big request. This is one of those Steve jobs

00:25:55   moments, right? Where, cause that guy had chutzpah. You got to say it. He is asking for the moon. He thinks

00:26:01   what Apple has, which is Wazniak's design is really valuable. And so he's going to ask for more money

00:26:08   than either of them has ever seen in their lives. Steve Wazniak, meanwhile, is watching this and he

00:26:14   can't believe it. He's like, what are you doing? This is a ridiculous amount. You are asking for

00:26:20   everything. This is, this is, I think Waz would have been happy to get like a pat on the back and a stick

00:26:26   of gum for his designs, right? He just, he's not thinking about it like jobs. It's just so jobs.

00:26:32   He's like, he sees the big picture, which is that this, that, that Wazniak's design is revolutionary,

00:26:38   but also he sees a company that, you know, they got a lot of money. Maybe they'll pay us a lot of

00:26:42   money for it. So the Commodore people are like, okay, okay, we'll take your offer and we'll consider

00:26:47   it and they leave. Steve Jobs, meanwhile, is researching who Commodore is.

00:26:53   Oh, wow. So this is all like, I've never met these people before. I don't know who they are,

00:26:58   but we want to work in your company forever.

00:27:00   They know pedal, but like, I need to know if this is going to happen. I need to know who I'm getting

00:27:05   into business with. And so he starts researching and, you know, they remember when I said they were

00:27:11   sort of shady. Jobs calls everyone he knows who knows anything about Commodore and the news is

00:27:17   bad. The products are bad. Again, good designs, but cheaply built and prone to failure. The people who

00:27:23   worked at Commodore hated it. Commodore often didn't pay its bills, which is a red flag if you're trying

00:27:30   to get money from them. And what Steve Jobs later said about it was the more I looked into Commodore,

00:27:36   the sleazier they were. I couldn't find one person who had made a deal with them and was happy.

00:27:42   Everyone felt they had been cheated. So Steve Jobs gets on the phone and calls Commodore and says,

00:27:50   no deal. We're not interested. I guess the timeline of that is interesting because he's made the offer

00:27:57   and they've gone away to think about it. Jobs has had enough time to do some research and Commodore

00:28:03   still hasn't said yes or no, which means that they were maybe considering it. Maybe?

00:28:09   Well, they weren't. Okay. While this is all going on, Jack Tramiel, who was the CEO, was like,

00:28:15   no. A Commodore exec who had been interested said they thought it was ridiculous to acquire two guys

00:28:22   working out of a garage, which, fair. Despite the best efforts of Chuck Peddle and his cowboy hat,

00:28:29   no deal. Instead, Commodore did what it always did, which it rushed out a cheaper,

00:28:35   less impressive computer nine months later called the Commodore PET. And what was said about this whole

00:28:41   thing was the PET kind of sickened me. This is what he said to Isaacson. They made a really crappy

00:28:48   product by doing it so quick. They could have had Apple. So the PET, is that more in line with what they

00:28:56   were building to become the Apple II. So personal disclosure here, the Commodore PET is the first

00:29:02   computer I ever used. It was impressive in the sense that it had the integrated keyboard and display.

00:29:08   Something Apple wouldn't do until the Lisa and the Mac, by the way, the integrated display was not a thing

00:29:13   that the Apple II ever had. In fact, I do wonder if that aspect of the PET inspired Steve Jobs a little

00:29:18   bit in terms of the Mac, the idea that it was an all-in-one in a way that the Apple II wasn't.

00:29:25   But WAS is not wrong. The PET didn't have color. It didn't really have graphics. It had like this

00:29:32   extra set of characters in its character set that were like shapes and lines and stuff. So you could

00:29:38   like build graphics with it. But it was like, if you wanted to do a box, you had to do like right angle,

00:29:45   top line, top line, top line, top line, top line, right angle the other way. And then on the next

00:29:49   line, you had to do like vertical line, a bunch of spaces, vertical line. You would like draw graphics

00:29:55   out of these little teeny tiny parts, like Lego almost. It was not graphics. It was not graphics.

00:30:02   You could fake it, but it was terrible. It was like ASCII art, kind of, but with some extra characters.

00:30:07   Eventually, Commodore did get there. They shipped the VIC-20 and the Commodore 64,

00:30:11   neither of which had an integrated display, both of them attached to TV sets, basically.

00:30:14   But they could have had that all with the Apple II. And that's, I think, what Steve Wozniak laments

00:30:21   about this whole situation is that Commodore had this right in front of them. The question,

00:30:29   and this is super important for where we go next with this story, is Steve Jobs didn't wait to be

00:30:37   told no by Commodore. Steve Jobs made an enormous request of Commodore that Steve Wozniak thought

00:30:43   was beyond the pale. And then Steve Jobs said, "Forget about it. We're not interested." All while Woz looks

00:30:50   along aghast. And this is going to become a major issue in the relationship between the two Steves.

00:30:59   Steve Jobs: But at this point, clearly Jobs still believes in what they're attempting to do.

00:31:06   Because it seems like he would prefer to continue going it alone and struggling,

00:31:13   than to kind of just throw it all in for the only company that's interested in buying them, potentially.

00:31:19   Steve Jobs: Yeah, I think something must have changed in Steve Jobs's estimation of their potential.

00:31:24   Steve Jobs: Right.

00:31:25   Steve Jobs: At this point, because he could have made a lower offer, lower request to Commodore out of the gate,

00:31:31   Steve Jobs: And he didn't. And he felt confident in walking away before they could tell him no.

00:31:37   Steve Jobs: Right.

00:31:38   Steve Jobs: And that says something about how Steve Jobs feels about this. But keep in mind the dynamic

00:31:42   Steve Jobs, which we will explore soon, which is Steve Wozniak is the engine that's creating the assets for

00:31:51   this company, right? He's the creator of the computer that they're going to make or sell.

00:31:56   Steve Jobs is just like the front man, the hype man. So when he's asking for all that money,

00:32:05   Steve Jobs: He's making decisions for Steve Wozniak on his behalf, essentially, because now they're

00:32:09   a partnership. But Steve Wozniak is the one who's the motor driving this thing. And that dynamic

00:32:16   is not comfortable. And the shenanigans with Commodore, I think, lead them down some darker paths.

00:32:22   Steve Jobs: Well, you mentioned that Steve Jobs is a hype man. There are places where a hype man is

00:32:28   necessary and needed. And we're actually going to talk about one of those places on our next episode,

00:32:34   which is a computer fair in Atlantic City.

00:32:38   Steve Jobs: Oh, there was drama. There was drama and excitement in Atlantic City. We will discuss

00:32:43   that in our next episode, as well as the increasing difficulties between the young Steve Jobs and Steve

00:32:50   Wozniak as they try to create the partnership that will become Apple Computer Incorporated.

00:32:58   Steve Jobs: Oh, there's no doubt. We'll see you next time. We'll see you next time.