Hypercritical

00:00:02 ◼   ► this is hypercritical weekly talkshow [TS]

00:00:04 ◼   ► ruminating on exactly what is wrong in [TS]

00:00:07 ◼   ► the world of Apple and related [TS]

00:00:08 ◼   ► technologies and businesses [TS]

00:00:10 ◼   ► nothing is so perfect that cannot be [TS]

00:00:13 ◼   ► destroyed by my co-host John siracusa hi [TS]

00:00:16 ◼   ► John hi Dan I'm Dan Benjamin this is [TS]

00:00:20 ◼   ► today's Friday February 24 2012 is [TS]

00:00:25 ◼   ► episode number 56 we've got two great [TS]

00:00:28 ◼   ► sponsors today apps feiyr.com and [TS]

00:00:31 ◼   ► MailChimp comm tell me more about them [TS]

00:00:34 ◼   ► as the program goes on we also want to [TS]

00:00:36 ◼   ► thank Mac Mini Colo net for providing [TS]

00:00:39 ◼   ► the bandwidth for this episode it's [TS]

00:00:42 ◼   ► where I host a couple Mac minis and you [TS]

00:00:43 ◼   ► can host yours there to check it out Mac [TS]

00:00:46 ◼   ► Mini : n slash 5x5 special deals just [TS]

00:00:49 ◼   ► free guns [TS]

00:00:51 ◼   ► it's Friday John siracusa Friday [TS]

00:00:55 ◼   ► I guess it is and you were on some kind [TS]

00:00:58 ◼   ► of work-related phone call I was are you [TS]

00:01:02 ◼   ► doing all right yeah you know my skype [TS]

00:01:05 ◼   ► mute button still doesn't work this is [TS]

00:01:07 ◼   ► really bothering me what is it you're [TS]

00:01:09 ◼   ► doing behind them the mute button all [TS]

00:01:11 ◼   ► the time [TS]

00:01:11 ◼   ► I don't know taking a drink clearing my [TS]

00:01:14 ◼   ► breath then I just like to be muted my [TS]

00:01:15 ◼   ► mother understood but since the mute [TS]

00:01:18 ◼   ► button works but there's no visual [TS]

00:01:19 ◼   ► indication I used to blank out the [TS]

00:01:21 ◼   ► little person with the sphere shaped [TS]

00:01:25 ◼   ► head yeah thing and they would like put [TS]

00:01:27 ◼   ► a line through it and dim it and you [TS]

00:01:28 ◼   ► could tell that it was muted now nothing [TS]

00:01:30 ◼   ► visually changes and the tooltip doesn't [TS]

00:01:32 ◼   ► even change to mute on mutes the only [TS]

00:01:34 ◼   ► way I can tell whether a mute is to go [TS]

00:01:36 ◼   ► to the menu are you on to date or you on [TS]

00:01:38 ◼   ► the newer version I haven't changed a [TS]

00:01:39 ◼   ► thing I'm on the old version I've always [TS]

00:01:41 ◼   ► been on the old version I never upgraded [TS]

00:01:42 ◼   ► to five and it's mystery to me why this [TS]

00:01:46 ◼   ► suddenly doesn't work maybe this is what [TS]

00:01:48 ◼   ► Skype does is that instead of just [TS]

00:01:51 ◼   ► completely breaking the older version to [TS]

00:01:53 ◼   ► get you to go to the new version they [TS]

00:01:55 ◼   ► just slowly eliminate features one by [TS]

00:01:57 ◼   ► one until eventually all you can do is [TS]

00:01:59 ◼   ► launch the app and it can't type can't [TS]

00:02:01 ◼   ► connect can't do anything then you'd be [TS]

00:02:02 ◼   ► forced to upgrade it's working because I [TS]

00:02:04 ◼   ► considered I'm like well this mute [TS]

00:02:06 ◼   ► doesn't work one of those I'm great how [TS]

00:02:07 ◼   ► bad could it be but I said now let me so [TS]

00:02:10 ◼   ► I'm sticking it out but if there's a [TS]

00:02:13 ◼   ► long period of time where you can't hear [TS]

00:02:14 ◼   ► me I'm probably muted and don't know it [TS]

00:02:16 ◼   ► alright alright you're a person [TS]

00:02:18 ◼   ► follow-up yes so in the last show we [TS]

00:02:21 ◼   ► talked about Mountain Lion a lot and I [TS]

00:02:24 ◼   ► was mentioning the way to one of the [TS]

00:02:27 ◼   ► ways to bypass gatekeeper is that you [TS]

00:02:29 ◼   ► could right click on an icon or [TS]

00:02:32 ◼   ► control-click whatever in the finder and [TS]

00:02:34 ◼   ► select open which nobody ever does but [TS]

00:02:36 ◼   ► which if you do will not prompt you to [TS]

00:02:40 ◼   ► say you sure you want to open this blah [TS]

00:02:42 ◼   ► blah blah and some of the chatroom [TS]

00:02:43 ◼   ► mentioned that it might be are you sure [TS]

00:02:45 ◼   ► it's not a bug and I said I wasn't sure [TS]

00:02:46 ◼   ► but then subsequently in the chatroom [TS]

00:02:48 ◼   ► TMC double underscore said that Apple [TS]

00:02:53 ◼   ► actually advertises this feature on its [TS]

00:02:55 ◼   ► site it's this is quoting from Apple's [TS]

00:02:57 ◼   ► website you can even temporarily [TS]

00:02:58 ◼   ► override your settings by ctrl-click by [TS]

00:03:00 ◼   ► ctrl-clicking [TS]

00:03:01 ◼   ► and install any app at any time [TS]

00:03:03 ◼   ► gatekeeper leaves all up to you so [TS]

00:03:04 ◼   ► they're advertising that feature it's [TS]

00:03:05 ◼   ► like power users don't be afraid all [TS]

00:03:08 ◼   ► this gatekeeper stuff is [TS]

00:03:09 ◼   ► basically not for you uh if you really [TS]

00:03:13 ◼   ► want to open something you'll never be [TS]

00:03:14 ◼   ► prevented from opening it just use this [TS]

00:03:16 ◼   ► thing that no one but you will ever do [TS]

00:03:18 ◼   ► so that's an interesting use of an [TS]

00:03:20 ◼   ► obscure feature that probably has gone [TS]

00:03:24 ◼   ► completely unused by anybody now [TS]

00:03:25 ◼   ► suddenly has a purpose but now it's not [TS]

00:03:27 ◼   ► a buck Marco was excited that he got to [TS]

00:03:32 ◼   ► correct something on the show I think I [TS]

00:03:35 ◼   ► mentioned the last show about how I was [TS]

00:03:38 ◼   ► hoping some new Mac pros would come out [TS]

00:03:39 ◼   ► but they were still waiting for those [TS]

00:03:41 ◼   ► and then I was upset about the Ivy [TS]

00:03:43 ◼   ► Bridge delay that had been reported [TS]

00:03:44 ◼   ► right first on Marco show he he talked [TS]

00:03:47 ◼   ► more about the ivory Bridget Lee and [TS]

00:03:48 ◼   ► apparently that story about the delay [TS]

00:03:49 ◼   ► was overblown and really only the [TS]

00:03:51 ◼   ► dual-core ones are delayed and Apple's [TS]

00:03:53 ◼   ► not going to use a dual-core ones [TS]

00:03:54 ◼   ► probably anyway so it's not that not [TS]

00:03:57 ◼   ► that important Apple but the second [TS]

00:04:00 ◼   ► thing is that he said that the Mac pros [TS]

00:04:01 ◼   ► are not waiting on Ivy Bridge they're [TS]

00:04:03 ◼   ► waiting on the xeon e5 Sandy Bridge CPUs [TS]

00:04:06 ◼   ► now of course that's also speculation [TS]

00:04:11 ◼   ► but it's probably I don't know I don't [TS]

00:04:13 ◼   ► even know if it's a good guess like it's [TS]

00:04:16 ◼   ► it you know the reason the Mac pros [TS]

00:04:18 ◼   ► aren't here is because you know I don't [TS]

00:04:19 ◼   ► know what the macros are waiting I says [TS]

00:04:20 ◼   ► we don't know what they're going to have [TS]

00:04:21 ◼   ► in them when they ship ah it could be [TS]

00:04:25 ◼   ► that Apple just entirely skips that [TS]

00:04:26 ◼   ► generation of CPU and doesn't really [TS]

00:04:28 ◼   ► smack pros for another year or something [TS]

00:04:29 ◼   ► so ah but his point is that it's [TS]

00:04:34 ◼   ► conceivable that Ivy Bridge delayed or [TS]

00:04:36 ◼   ► not could be completely immaterial to [TS]

00:04:38 ◼   ► the presence of Mac Pro's I just hope [TS]

00:04:41 ◼   ► they released something something with [TS]

00:04:42 ◼   ► the newer CPU than the ones they sell [TS]

00:04:44 ◼   ► now talked about Mac App Store only ap [TS]

00:04:50 ◼   ► is and mountain lion how you have to [TS]

00:04:52 ◼   ► sell your app to the Mac App Store if [TS]

00:04:53 ◼   ► you want to use certain api's and have [TS]

00:04:55 ◼   ► that the number of those api's is [TS]

00:04:57 ◼   ► getting is increasing in mountain lion [TS]

00:05:00 ◼   ► right and I was talking about the iCloud [TS]

00:05:03 ◼   ► api's which generally Mac App Store only [TS]

00:05:06 ◼   ► and I said there's no technical reason [TS]

00:05:09 ◼   ► why those API it couldn't be available [TS]

00:05:12 ◼   ► to non Mac App Store things and it's [TS]

00:05:14 ◼   ► kind of like a carrot and stick approach [TS]

00:05:15 ◼   ► where the carrot is you get to use these [TS]

00:05:17 ◼   ► funny pies and the stick is everybody [TS]

00:05:19 ◼   ► else will be using these cool api's and [TS]

00:05:21 ◼   ► you won't so you better get into the Mac [TS]

00:05:22 ◼   ► App Store [TS]

00:05:23 ◼   ► many many people suggested a more [TS]

00:05:27 ◼   ► reasonable reason why the iCloud api's [TS]

00:05:29 ◼   ► in particular are limited to mac app [TS]

00:05:31 ◼   ► store only applications and that was [TS]

00:05:35 ◼   ► that iCloud is a server that the [TS]

00:05:38 ◼   ► server-side service of iCloud costs [TS]

00:05:40 ◼   ► Apple money to run so letting any [TS]

00:05:43 ◼   ► developer use it is basically saying [TS]

00:05:45 ◼   ► Apple's going to run a bunch of servers [TS]

00:05:46 ◼   ► for you and you can use them and store [TS]

00:05:48 ◼   ► your data on them free of charge mm-hmm [TS]

00:05:51 ◼   ► because iCloud a3d customers as well [TS]

00:05:52 ◼   ► whereas if you sell your app to the Mac [TS]

00:05:54 ◼   ► App Store at the very least Apple gets a [TS]

00:05:56 ◼   ► 30% cut of your sales and that will help [TS]

00:05:58 ◼   ► offset the server usage in iCloud I'm [TS]

00:06:01 ◼   ► not sure how much I buy that theory [TS]

00:06:03 ◼   ► first of all you're allowed to have free [TS]

00:06:05 ◼   ► apps in the NICAP store so that kind of [TS]

00:06:07 ◼   ► hurts you there I mean I guess they get [TS]

00:06:09 ◼   ► stuck at the $99 you for the developer [TS]

00:06:12 ◼   ► membership but you know but I mean I [TS]

00:06:16 ◼   ► don't know I I think that that's a good [TS]

00:06:19 ◼   ► reason that I should have mentioned but [TS]

00:06:20 ◼   ► I think if you were to ask Apple and got [TS]

00:06:24 ◼   ► them in a moment of honesty they would [TS]

00:06:25 ◼   ► not tell you that the reason the iCloud [TS]

00:06:28 ◼   ► API is are from Mac App Store only is [TS]

00:06:30 ◼   ► because they have to defer the cost [TS]

00:06:32 ◼   ► somehow because if that was the case if [TS]

00:06:34 ◼   ► they're really interested in deferring [TS]

00:06:35 ◼   ► the cost I don't think thirty percent of [TS]

00:06:37 ◼   ► app sales is going to come close to [TS]

00:06:39 ◼   ► deferring the cost of the iCloud server [TS]

00:06:42 ◼   ► infrastructure the cost of development [TS]

00:06:44 ◼   ► everything I think that Apple considers [TS]

00:06:46 ◼   ► iCloud something they have to build at [TS]

00:06:49 ◼   ► the fact that they're giving a lot away [TS]

00:06:50 ◼   ► for free to everyone shows that they [TS]

00:06:52 ◼   ► know they want everyone to use this much [TS]

00:06:54 ◼   ► more than they want to actually make [TS]

00:06:55 ◼   ► money off it so that's got to be a cost [TS]

00:06:57 ◼   ► Center for them maybe it helps that they [TS]

00:07:01 ◼   ► could possibly get a little bit of extra [TS]

00:07:03 ◼   ► money from Mac App Store sales to offset [TS]

00:07:05 ◼   ► the cost of iCloud but but I'm not sure [TS]

00:07:07 ◼   ► I think it's mostly because they're [TS]

00:07:09 ◼   ► trying to encourage people to develop [TS]

00:07:11 ◼   ► applications the way they want them to [TS]

00:07:13 ◼   ► in the way they want is you do it in the [TS]

00:07:14 ◼   ► Mac App Store your sandbox use that [TS]

00:07:16 ◼   ► cloud a POS and I guess they have some [TS]

00:07:20 ◼   ► degree of control over you as well if [TS]

00:07:21 ◼   ► you're a registered Mac developer versus [TS]

00:07:24 ◼   ► if you just download the download Xcode [TS]

00:07:27 ◼   ► for free and start hacking away at an [TS]

00:07:29 ◼   ► application and put up on your website [TS]

00:07:30 ◼   ► and hammers the iCloud servers or [TS]

00:07:32 ◼   ► something it's harder for them to come [TS]

00:07:34 ◼   ► and find you and say please stop doing [TS]

00:07:36 ◼   ► that [TS]

00:07:37 ◼   ► please stop disturbing your application [TS]

00:07:39 ◼   ► hammers are service so as always with [TS]

00:07:42 ◼   ► Apple lots of teary leaf reading and no [TS]

00:07:45 ◼   ► actual and so sorry that weird one there [TS]

00:07:48 ◼   ► is notifications and mountain lion the [TS]

00:07:49 ◼   ► big thing on the right side of the [TS]

00:07:50 ◼   ► screen the new icon in the upper right [TS]

00:07:52 ◼   ► corner that shows you notifications for [TS]

00:07:55 ◼   ► like ah you know you have a reminder set [TS]

00:07:57 ◼   ► or something in your calendar or a to-do [TS]

00:07:59 ◼   ► list item that has a reminder set its [TS]

00:08:01 ◼   ► whole bunch of ways you can be notified [TS]

00:08:02 ◼   ► notification center in mountain lion and [TS]

00:08:07 ◼   ► as a question of like is there any [TS]

00:08:09 ◼   ► server-side component that like what if [TS]

00:08:10 ◼   ► I don't even sign up for iCloud I still [TS]

00:08:12 ◼   ► have Notification Center why shouldn't [TS]

00:08:14 ◼   ► someone be able to write a Mac [TS]

00:08:15 ◼   ► application not distribute it through [TS]

00:08:17 ◼   ► the Mac App Store but still have their [TS]

00:08:20 ◼   ► application pop-up notifications like [TS]

00:08:22 ◼   ► say you're writing an IM client and you [TS]

00:08:23 ◼   ► want it to pop up a notification [TS]

00:08:24 ◼   ► notification center when a certain [TS]

00:08:25 ◼   ► person logs on because you've set up an [TS]

00:08:27 ◼   ► alert for that that has nothing to do [TS]

00:08:28 ◼   ► with iCloud that's not using any of [TS]

00:08:29 ◼   ► Apple's server resources it's purely a [TS]

00:08:31 ◼   ► completely client-side API to display a [TS]

00:08:34 ◼   ► notification in Notification Center and [TS]

00:08:37 ◼   ► I don't think Apple syncs those [TS]

00:08:38 ◼   ► notifications across your devices now [TS]

00:08:40 ◼   ► obviously if you're using an application [TS]

00:08:42 ◼   ► like I like iCal like calendar or [TS]

00:08:43 ◼   ► contacts or something that can be sync [TS]

00:08:45 ◼   ► to iCloud then there is a component but [TS]

00:08:47 ◼   ► it's kind of weird that Notification [TS]

00:08:49 ◼   ► Center which you can if you squint you [TS]

00:08:52 ◼   ► can look at and say that's an entirely [TS]

00:08:53 ◼   ► client-side new API a new piece of UI [TS]

00:08:55 ◼   ► that gets caught up into the Mac App [TS]

00:08:57 ◼   ► Store only thing so that also makes me [TS]

00:08:59 ◼   ► think that deferring server cost is not [TS]

00:09:02 ◼   ► the reason it is not the main reason why [TS]

00:09:05 ◼   ► they make an API a Mac App Store only [TS]

00:09:09 ◼   ► otherwise why would they make [TS]

00:09:10 ◼   ► notifications Mac App Store only someone [TS]

00:09:15 ◼   ► sent in a correction about how I'm [TS]

00:09:17 ◼   ► pronouncing speaking ill I am [TS]

00:09:18 ◼   ► applications however pronouncing the the [TS]

00:09:20 ◼   ► instant message application for the Mac [TS]

00:09:21 ◼   ► called Adi um how do you pronounce that [TS]

00:09:24 ◼   ► I've heard it two ways I've heard it a [TS]

00:09:27 ◼   ► diem and I've heard it a diem [TS]

00:09:29 ◼   ► I personally I say a diem but I have no [TS]

00:09:33 ◼   ► idea what if that's correct and I as has [TS]

00:09:36 ◼   ► been evidenced over the last several [TS]

00:09:38 ◼   ► years of doing these shows I'm the wrong [TS]

00:09:40 ◼   ► person to look to for correct [TS]

00:09:42 ◼   ► pronunciation of anything how do you say [TS]

00:09:44 ◼   ► it I say Adam - but I was corrected on [TS]

00:09:48 ◼   ► Twitter that it's supposed to be like [TS]

00:09:50 ◼   ► the words [TS]

00:09:50 ◼   ► Stadium and this is how the originator [TS]

00:09:53 ◼   ► their atomizer is er I guess he's the [TS]

00:09:58 ◼   ► guy originally wrote it he described as [TS]

00:10:00 ◼   ► the originator history it says it [TS]

00:10:01 ◼   ► arrives with stadium ATM stadium hmm [TS]

00:10:04 ◼   ► well you know this is something where [TS]

00:10:07 ◼   ► you have to the original creator has to [TS]

00:10:08 ◼   ► have some input on it I mean they're the [TS]

00:10:12 ◼   ► ones that came up with it they're the [TS]

00:10:14 ◼   ► ones that say now what's interesting is [TS]

00:10:16 ◼   ► you get the creator of Linux Linux [TS]

00:10:20 ◼   ► Torvalds says I pronounce Linux as Linux [TS]

00:10:24 ◼   ► that's how he says it I still in does he [TS]

00:10:27 ◼   ► say that I thought he wanted the other [TS]

00:10:29 ◼   ► way I line X ya know be the rhymes with [TS]

00:10:33 ◼   ► Linus no but his name is Lynn Asst in [TS]

00:10:36 ◼   ► his uh in his own but I've got it [TS]

00:10:39 ◼   ► backwards in my mind language yeah so uh [TS]

00:10:44 ◼   ► he is the creator of it but yet in his [TS]

00:10:50 ◼   ► very open-source mindset he says this is [TS]

00:10:53 ◼   ► how I pronounce it he doesn't say this [TS]

00:10:55 ◼   ► is how it must be pronounced so the [TS]

00:10:57 ◼   ► idiom guy is he saying this is the [TS]

00:11:00 ◼   ► correct way to pronounce it or is he [TS]

00:11:01 ◼   ► just saying this is this is how I say [TS]

00:11:03 ◼   ► this was a tweet from the adium a DM [TS]

00:11:07 ◼   ► Twitter account at twitter.com slash ad [TS]

00:11:10 ◼   ► I um I don't know who controls that [TS]

00:11:11 ◼   ► account but the acutest the cuida I'll [TS]

00:11:14 ◼   ► read it verbatim says the correct [TS]

00:11:15 ◼   ► pronunciation of Adi um is debatable [TS]

00:11:18 ◼   ► atomizer the originator called me the [TS]

00:11:22 ◼   ► stadium way so that's probably the [TS]

00:11:23 ◼   ► proper way so this is a personified [TS]

00:11:25 ◼   ► Twitter account we're saying call to me [TS]

00:11:26 ◼   ► I'm the I'm the application so ATM [TS]

00:11:29 ◼   ► sounds like the right way to do it all [TS]

00:11:31 ◼   ► right here I'm going to play this for [TS]

00:11:33 ◼   ► the benefit of the listeners now I have [TS]

00:11:35 ◼   ► the clip from Lin us himself let me see [TS]

00:11:38 ◼   ► how badly I got it wrong let us realign [TS]

00:11:41 ◼   ► us what's exactly your preferred [TS]

00:11:42 ◼   ► pronunciation um when I speak Swedish [TS]

00:11:45 ◼   ► its eNOS when I speak Finnish its he [TS]

00:11:48 ◼   ► knows when I speak English its Linus and [TS]

00:11:51 ◼   ► I really don't care how people browse my [TS]

00:11:53 ◼   ► name but Linux is always Linux well its [TS]

00:11:55 ◼   ► cuts off he says Linux is always Linux [TS]

00:11:57 ◼   ► so that's pretty unequivocal yeah so [TS]

00:12:01 ◼   ► that we just need the ATM guy to weigh [TS]

00:12:03 ◼   ► in [TS]

00:12:04 ◼   ► the lesson for this I think is a when [TS]

00:12:06 ◼   ► making a product and choosing a product [TS]

00:12:08 ◼   ► name and same thing for like domains and [TS]

00:12:12 ◼   ► stuff that there are some rules you can [TS]

00:12:14 ◼   ► think about like did you pick a good [TS]

00:12:16 ◼   ► domain name for your product or service [TS]

00:12:18 ◼   ► or application and you and you have to [TS]

00:12:21 ◼   ► come up with some criteria HOD how do I [TS]

00:12:22 ◼   ► what makes a domain name good what makes [TS]

00:12:25 ◼   ► a product name good and I would think if [TS]

00:12:26 ◼   ► you went through this exercise my big [TS]

00:12:29 ◼   ► things on domain names are easy to spell [TS]

00:12:33 ◼   ► if I tell you what it is not too long [TS]

00:12:35 ◼   ► not already taken not a synonym for [TS]

00:12:39 ◼   ► something that's bad you know it doesn't [TS]

00:12:43 ◼   ► have a lot of homonyms all sorts of [TS]

00:12:44 ◼   ► things like that and for a product name [TS]

00:12:46 ◼   ► this is similar like make it so that the [TS]

00:12:50 ◼   ► obvious pronunciation in whatever [TS]

00:12:52 ◼   ► language you consider most important is [TS]

00:12:55 ◼   ► the obvious pronunciation I think with [TS]

00:12:59 ◼   ► Linux he basically did that because [TS]

00:13:00 ◼   ► that's how everybody says that they CLI [TS]

00:13:02 ◼   ► em they're not they're not inclined to [TS]

00:13:04 ◼   ► say line-x [TS]

00:13:04 ◼   ► yeah but the you know the knowing the [TS]

00:13:09 ◼   ► creator's name was Linus got that [TS]

00:13:10 ◼   ► confused and the second thing is from [TS]

00:13:12 ◼   ► the very start have a pronunciation [TS]

00:13:14 ◼   ► guide I can't tell you how many sites I [TS]

00:13:17 ◼   ► go to for some open source tool or [TS]

00:13:19 ◼   ► whatever and I I would expect to see [TS]

00:13:22 ◼   ► like an FAQ or an about page or [TS]

00:13:24 ◼   ► something and I expect one of the items [TS]

00:13:26 ◼   ► perhaps the first time for that page to [TS]

00:13:28 ◼   ► be how do I pronounce your name just to [TS]

00:13:30 ◼   ► make sure like put that in there you [TS]

00:13:31 ◼   ► know and then there cross the people [TS]

00:13:33 ◼   ► like SQLite EE that product yeah it's [TS]

00:13:36 ◼   ► just it's hopeless and there's no [TS]

00:13:37 ◼   ► obvious way and it's just a big giant [TS]

00:13:39 ◼   ► mess but even something like my SQL you [TS]

00:13:43 ◼   ► can get in trouble real real fast if [TS]

00:13:45 ◼   ► your thing becomes popular and people [TS]

00:13:47 ◼   ► start pronouncing it one way and it's [TS]

00:13:49 ◼   ► not the way you want it so the moral of [TS]

00:13:52 ◼   ► story is pick pick names that have an [TS]

00:13:53 ◼   ► obvious pronunciation and documented [TS]

00:13:56 ◼   ► maybe documented unlike your very first [TS]

00:13:58 ◼   ► homepage will have a big banner with the [TS]

00:14:01 ◼   ► name of your product and right [TS]

00:14:02 ◼   ► underneath it those little pronunciation [TS]

00:14:03 ◼   ► things or a button you can click to hear [TS]

00:14:05 ◼   ► how it's pronounced [TS]

00:14:05 ◼   ► yeah alright on the last show I was [TS]

00:14:11 ◼   ► talking about and I was actually that [TS]

00:14:13 ◼   ► was the title to show the region of pain [TS]

00:14:15 ◼   ► where you have a ten point something [TS]

00:14:17 ◼   ► point-0 release that is probably full of [TS]

00:14:20 ◼   ► bugs and you have the point 1 and the [TS]

00:14:21 ◼   ► point 2 and it takes a while to crank up [TS]

00:14:23 ◼   ► with the with the you know minor [TS]

00:14:25 ◼   ► subversion until the thing kind of [TS]

00:14:27 ◼   ► settles down and all the bugs are ironed [TS]

00:14:29 ◼   ► out and I mentioned that other of Mac OS [TS]

00:14:32 ◼   ► 10 releases that have had longer have [TS]

00:14:34 ◼   ► had a longer time in the market before [TS]

00:14:36 ◼   ► the successor came along got really high [TS]

00:14:38 ◼   ► up on that last number and I couldn't [TS]

00:14:40 ◼   ► remember one of them unto double digits [TS]

00:14:42 ◼   ► or something so TMC double underscore [TS]

00:14:43 ◼   ► again in the chatroom pointed me to a [TS]

00:14:46 ◼   ► link entitled a useless analysis of OS [TS]

00:14:50 ◼   ► 10 release dates and then put that in [TS]

00:14:52 ◼   ► the show notes and that just shows how [TS]

00:14:54 ◼   ► far each one got so I'll just go through [TS]

00:14:56 ◼   ► the MIR Snow Leopard got 2.8 well we [TS]

00:14:58 ◼   ► don't know maybe it'll get the point out [TS]

00:14:59 ◼   ► but right now Snow Leopard is on point [TS]

00:15:00 ◼   ► eight leopard got the point eight Tiger [TS]

00:15:02 ◼   ► was the only one that won two double [TS]

00:15:04 ◼   ► digits Tiger out 2.11 panther got the [TS]

00:15:07 ◼   ► point nine jaguar got the point eight [TS]

00:15:09 ◼   ► puma got the point five and cheetah got [TS]

00:15:11 ◼   ► the point four so cheetah obviously was [TS]

00:15:13 ◼   ► like the big slow as molasses Harbor or [TS]

00:15:16 ◼   ► release we can't wait to get four things [TS]

00:15:18 ◼   ► this thing they ever play so like I [TS]

00:15:20 ◼   ► replace pretty quickly in Puma got [TS]

00:15:21 ◼   ► really plays really quickly too but all [TS]

00:15:22 ◼   ► the other ones got into like the you [TS]

00:15:24 ◼   ► know the eights nines or 11s so lion is [TS]

00:15:29 ◼   ► going to have to advance pretty quickly [TS]

00:15:30 ◼   ► if it ever expects to get into the you [TS]

00:15:33 ◼   ► know 8's 9s or 10s or 11s before ten [TS]

00:15:35 ◼   ► point eight lands this summer and I [TS]

00:15:37 ◼   ► don't think it will make it it may it [TS]

00:15:39 ◼   ► may end up ending its life kind of like [TS]

00:15:40 ◼   ► cheetah and Puma in the point four zero [TS]

00:15:43 ◼   ► point five which could possibly still be [TS]

00:15:46 ◼   ► in the region of pain alright and one [TS]

00:15:50 ◼   ► thing this one more thing this doesn't [TS]

00:15:51 ◼   ► really follow up but it's related to [TS]

00:15:53 ◼   ► iCloud and it's a story they went by my [TS]

00:15:56 ◼   ► eyes this week was that Apple's has [TS]

00:15:59 ◼   ► purchased some land in Oregon for [TS]

00:16:00 ◼   ► another data center did you see that [TS]

00:16:02 ◼   ► story oh yeah you know I didn't I didn't [TS]

00:16:07 ◼   ► read the whole thing about that so maybe [TS]

00:16:09 ◼   ► a where was it read and I'll get it into [TS]

00:16:11 ◼   ► the show notes it's in the show notes [TS]

00:16:12 ◼   ► already coming right now alright well [TS]

00:16:14 ◼   ► you said you were unprepared it turns [TS]

00:16:15 ◼   ► out you're prepared on my notes I want I [TS]

00:16:17 ◼   ► want you'll see I'll go off tracks I see [TS]

00:16:21 ◼   ► it okay yeah there it is right there [TS]

00:16:23 ◼   ► yeah it's not much to the story other [TS]

00:16:25 ◼   ► than the the title so this is in [TS]

00:16:27 ◼   ► Prineville Oregon they [TS]

00:16:29 ◼   ► about 160 acres for 5.6 million dollars [TS]

00:16:32 ◼   ► and the Apple spokesperson the only [TS]

00:16:35 ◼   ► statement quoted in this article that I [TS]

00:16:37 ◼   ► linked is the Apple spokesman says we [TS]

00:16:39 ◼   ► purchased the land and it's for a data [TS]

00:16:41 ◼   ► center so typical Apple disclosure what [TS]

00:16:44 ◼   ► more do you need to know I always [TS]

00:16:46 ◼   ► thought it was kind of weird with the [TS]

00:16:47 ◼   ► North Carolina data center how you know [TS]

00:16:49 ◼   ► Apple purchases big giant data center [TS]

00:16:51 ◼   ► it's gonna be really fancies costing [TS]

00:16:52 ◼   ► lots of money and everyone was all [TS]

00:16:53 ◼   ► excited about it and but it was on the [TS]

00:16:55 ◼   ► East Coast yeah and you're like well [TS]

00:16:58 ◼   ► don't you need like at least two data [TS]

00:16:59 ◼   ► centers if you're if you're interested [TS]

00:17:00 ◼   ► in covering the United States well don't [TS]

00:17:02 ◼   ► you need one on the west coast and one [TS]

00:17:03 ◼   ► on the East or maybe someone in the [TS]

00:17:04 ◼   ► middle I forget about worldwide for [TS]

00:17:06 ◼   ► anything like just having one data [TS]

00:17:08 ◼   ► center in the US is weird if you're if [TS]

00:17:10 ◼   ► you're the future of your company is [TS]

00:17:12 ◼   ► going to be like we're going to have an [TS]

00:17:13 ◼   ► online platform whatever like you know [TS]

00:17:15 ◼   ► because I'm sure Google and all the [TS]

00:17:17 ◼   ► other companies have data centers all [TS]

00:17:18 ◼   ► over the place they're just they have to [TS]

00:17:20 ◼   ► so this is kind of the other shoe [TS]

00:17:21 ◼   ► dropping at least in the u.s. to say [TS]

00:17:23 ◼   ► okay fine at least we'll have an East [TS]

00:17:24 ◼   ► Coast in a West Coast data center now a [TS]

00:17:26 ◼   ► hundred and hundred and sixty acres [TS]

00:17:28 ◼   ► acres are very confusing and misleading [TS]

00:17:31 ◼   ► for most people because an acre cent [TS]

00:17:34 ◼   ► seems like wow it's you know it's a [TS]

00:17:35 ◼   ► curse that's that's a huge space a [TS]

00:17:39 ◼   ► hundred and sixty acres correct me if [TS]

00:17:41 ◼   ► I'm wrong I think it's about a quarter [TS]

00:17:42 ◼   ► square mile I I can't do that math [TS]

00:17:46 ◼   ► Amanda lies how big an acre is in my [TS]

00:17:49 ◼   ► head but I don't know if 160 acres is [TS]

00:17:52 ◼   ► big or small for a data center I think [TS]

00:17:54 ◼   ► this it's that's a that's a decent sized [TS]

00:17:56 ◼   ► space but it's not like they just [TS]

00:17:58 ◼   ► acquired like a thousand square miles of [TS]

00:18:01 ◼   ► space this is this is a large place for [TS]

00:18:03 ◼   ► a nice-size building they'll have [TS]

00:18:05 ◼   ► parking for you know all of that stuff [TS]

00:18:07 ◼   ► but this is not like a campus yeah well [TS]

00:18:11 ◼   ► is it the other thing is I don't know [TS]

00:18:12 ◼   ► where all the apples data centers are [TS]

00:18:14 ◼   ► now we all know about the North Carolina [TS]

00:18:15 ◼   ► one because it was a big story and it [TS]

00:18:17 ◼   ► was you know that that that's the one [TS]

00:18:20 ◼   ► that it was gigantic and expensive and [TS]

00:18:22 ◼   ► it was they got a sweetheart deal on it [TS]

00:18:24 ◼   ► from the North Carolina people and there [TS]

00:18:25 ◼   ► was all sorts of stories related to that [TS]

00:18:27 ◼   ► but Apple surely has data centers all [TS]

00:18:29 ◼   ► over the place already and we don't know [TS]

00:18:31 ◼   ► where all those are but seeing Apple buy [TS]

00:18:34 ◼   ► another one I guess is a good sign for [TS]

00:18:36 ◼   ► the future of iCloud show they're [TS]

00:18:37 ◼   ► committed to it I still still wigs me [TS]

00:18:39 ◼   ► out and we had all show about this how [TS]

00:18:41 ◼   ► Apple is filling its data center [TS]

00:18:43 ◼   ► with hardware and a lot of software that [TS]

00:18:46 ◼   ► it does not right this gets back to the [TS]

00:18:48 ◼   ► Joel Spolsky thing which I think I [TS]

00:18:51 ◼   ► mentioned on the show when we discussed [TS]

00:18:52 ◼   ► this about don't outsource your core [TS]

00:18:54 ◼   ► competency and he actually discussed [TS]

00:18:55 ◼   ► things like this on on build and analyze [TS]

00:18:59 ◼   ► maybe also on back to work but on this [TS]

00:19:01 ◼   ► most recent build and analyze you're [TS]

00:19:03 ◼   ► talking with Marko about what is it that [TS]

00:19:05 ◼   ► you what is it that you do well and if [TS]

00:19:08 ◼   ► the answer is not I'm really good at [TS]

00:19:10 ◼   ► figuring out how small businesses should [TS]

00:19:12 ◼   ► pay taxes then maybe have someone else [TS]

00:19:14 ◼   ► do that so you can spend your time [TS]

00:19:16 ◼   ► developing software or whatever it is [TS]

00:19:17 ◼   ► that you consider the core competency of [TS]

00:19:19 ◼   ► your company so every company has a [TS]

00:19:20 ◼   ► whole bunch of things they have to do [TS]

00:19:22 ◼   ► and they have to decide which one of [TS]

00:19:23 ◼   ► these things is the thing that we're [TS]

00:19:26 ◼   ► good at and if you asked Apple they [TS]

00:19:28 ◼   ► would probably say like well the purpose [TS]

00:19:31 ◼   ► of our company is not to be really good [TS]

00:19:33 ◼   ► at managing payroll or to have really [TS]

00:19:35 ◼   ► good insurance on our facilities or to [TS]

00:19:38 ◼   ► have the you know to be really good at [TS]

00:19:41 ◼   ► cutting the lawns outside of our [TS]

00:19:42 ◼   ► buildings and have great parking you [TS]

00:19:44 ◼   ► know these are only things they do [TS]

00:19:45 ◼   ► things that they want to do but you say [TS]

00:19:47 ◼   ► is this what Apple is about and if the [TS]

00:19:49 ◼   ► answer is no then pay someone to cut the [TS]

00:19:51 ◼   ► lawn [TS]

00:19:51 ◼   ► perhaps you know why are some people to [TS]

00:19:53 ◼   ► figure out the facility stuff and you [TS]

00:19:55 ◼   ► know that stuff you can outsource but [TS]

00:19:57 ◼   ► you wouldn't for example outsource [TS]

00:20:00 ◼   ► designing the user interface for our [TS]

00:20:02 ◼   ► next version of iOS because Apple would [TS]

00:20:04 ◼   ► say that's what we do that's our that's [TS]

00:20:06 ◼   ► our core competency and we would never [TS]

00:20:08 ◼   ► outsource that well we're really [TS]

00:20:09 ◼   ► crunched we don't have enough people to [TS]

00:20:10 ◼   ► get iOS 6 out on time quick let's start [TS]

00:20:13 ◼   ► outsourcing some of the work to India [TS]

00:20:15 ◼   ► unless they're Apple's employees in [TS]

00:20:17 ◼   ► India they wouldn't like find an [TS]

00:20:18 ◼   ► outsourcing company and say hey we need [TS]

00:20:20 ◼   ► some screens designed for iOS 6 could [TS]

00:20:22 ◼   ► you take no because that's their core [TS]

00:20:24 ◼   ► competence they would never let that go [TS]

00:20:26 ◼   ► if Apple wants to base its future on [TS]

00:20:29 ◼   ► iCloud and have iCloud be the platform [TS]

00:20:30 ◼   ► for the next 10 years and all the other [TS]

00:20:32 ◼   ► things that they said many different [TS]

00:20:34 ◼   ► times don't you think they would have [TS]

00:20:36 ◼   ► more of a stake in what goes in those [TS]

00:20:39 ◼   ► data centers yes Apple software is going [TS]

00:20:41 ◼   ► in there too the all software that [TS]

00:20:42 ◼   ► implements iCloud is written by Apple [TS]

00:20:43 ◼   ► but they're not using Apple hardware [TS]

00:20:45 ◼   ► they're they're not using Apple like [TS]

00:20:47 ◼   ► infrastructure software and sort of [TS]

00:20:49 ◼   ► storage management or you know that [TS]

00:20:51 ◼   ► there's reportedly using Windows [TS]

00:20:54 ◼   ► and who knows what else they're using [TS]

00:20:57 ◼   ► like at some point it seems it will seem [TS]

00:21:00 ◼   ► weird maybe you know if Apple's strategy [TS]

00:21:04 ◼   ► to base their future on iCloud is [TS]

00:21:05 ◼   ► successful at some point in the future [TS]

00:21:07 ◼   ► many years from now will seem weird that [TS]

00:21:09 ◼   ► Apple's main and most important business [TS]

00:21:11 ◼   ► and infrastructure is running on [TS]

00:21:13 ◼   ► machines they don't build and running [TS]

00:21:16 ◼   ► infrastructure software that they didn't [TS]

00:21:18 ◼   ► make so they have to pay other companies [TS]

00:21:19 ◼   ► for that especially if that other [TS]

00:21:20 ◼   ► companies like Microsoft or Oracle or [TS]

00:21:22 ◼   ► whoever else it is versus the approach [TS]

00:21:25 ◼   ► of someone like Google who basically [TS]

00:21:27 ◼   ► does everything themselves because they [TS]

00:21:28 ◼   ► recognize this is our core competency we [TS]

00:21:30 ◼   ► run online services and we're not going [TS]

00:21:32 ◼   ► to be we're going to be masters of our [TS]

00:21:34 ◼   ► own destiny as far as this is desert [TS]

00:21:36 ◼   ► we're not going to be beholden to some [TS]

00:21:37 ◼   ► third party hardware software vendor to [TS]

00:21:39 ◼   ► deal with this we're going to do it all [TS]

00:21:40 ◼   ► ourselves it's kind of weird you say [TS]

00:21:43 ◼   ► well Apple doesn't make server operating [TS]

00:21:45 ◼   ► systems they don't make server hardware [TS]

00:21:46 ◼   ► they sort of did it but they try you [TS]

00:21:47 ◼   ► know does Apple have to make server [TS]

00:21:49 ◼   ► hardware maybe that's not their core [TS]

00:21:50 ◼   ► competency yeah [TS]

00:21:51 ◼   ► I think the hardware is easier to argue [TS]

00:21:53 ◼   ► that Apple doesn't necessarily happen [TS]

00:21:56 ◼   ► even though they do make computer [TS]

00:21:57 ◼   ► hardware they make consumer hardware not [TS]

00:21:58 ◼   ► Enterprise but the software like not [TS]

00:22:01 ◼   ► just the operating system but the [TS]

00:22:03 ◼   ► software that manages the data center [TS]

00:22:04 ◼   ► that that's the storage management [TS]

00:22:06 ◼   ► process management load balancing [TS]

00:22:09 ◼   ► failover just that whatever all the [TS]

00:22:11 ◼   ► things you have to do in the data center [TS]

00:22:13 ◼   ► if they're going to outsource all of [TS]

00:22:16 ◼   ► that that seems weird don't mean I don't [TS]

00:22:18 ◼   ► want to repeat the whole content of that [TS]

00:22:19 ◼   ► path that was a great show though but [TS]

00:22:22 ◼   ► that's still whenever I see these data [TS]

00:22:24 ◼   ► center stuff it wigs me out a little bit [TS]

00:22:26 ◼   ► autodidact in the chat room says 160 [TS]

00:22:30 ◼   ► acres is quarter square mile but that's [TS]

00:22:34 ◼   ► half a mile by half a mile so that [TS]

00:22:36 ◼   ► actually is a little bigger than I was [TS]

00:22:39 ◼   ► imagining well there you go there you go [TS]

00:22:43 ◼   ► all right now that's how big your plot [TS]

00:22:45 ◼   ► of land is about right alejandra my [TS]

00:22:47 ◼   ► parents house was on like a quarter acre [TS]

00:22:49 ◼   ► so that's how I visualize an acre just [TS]

00:22:50 ◼   ► take like the house that I grew up in [TS]

00:22:52 ◼   ► and I take the property and I multiply [TS]

00:22:55 ◼   ► by four you know what kind of a courage [TS]

00:22:57 ◼   ► do you have where you less than that [TS]

00:23:00 ◼   ► much less than barely enough the whole [TS]

00:23:01 ◼   ► house [TS]

00:23:06 ◼   ► but you're making it anyway yeah it's a [TS]

00:23:10 ◼   ► more densely populated here then I'm [TS]

00:23:12 ◼   ► Texas where everything's bigger so today [TS]

00:23:18 ◼   ► I thought we would talk about file [TS]

00:23:21 ◼   ► systems how do you feel about that I I [TS]

00:23:24 ◼   ► would love that [TS]

00:23:25 ◼   ► that'd be amazing people have been [TS]

00:23:27 ◼   ► really wanting to hear a ZFS discussion [TS]

00:23:31 ◼   ► for a long time why what is ZFS who [TS]

00:23:33 ◼   ► cares is it in OS 10 is it not an OS 10 [TS]

00:23:37 ◼   ► will it ever be in OS 10 is it dead is [TS]

00:23:38 ◼   ► alive [TS]

00:23:40 ◼   ► how far back are you going to take us [TS]

00:23:42 ◼   ► you're going to take us back to HFS hfs+ [TS]

00:23:44 ◼   ► this is where my notes become like my [TS]

00:23:48 ◼   ► problem notes is when I construct them I [TS]

00:23:50 ◼   ► tend to put too much into them and then [TS]

00:23:52 ◼   ► I realize oh for this one bullet point I [TS]

00:23:54 ◼   ► have five paragraphs of text which I [TS]

00:23:56 ◼   ► can't glance that and I don't want to [TS]

00:23:58 ◼   ► read verbatim like I need to condense it [TS]

00:24:01 ◼   ► so that I can look at like single line [TS]

00:24:03 ◼   ► bullet points in my outline view to say [TS]

00:24:05 ◼   ► okay remind remember to talk about that [TS]

00:24:07 ◼   ► remember to talk about that but instead [TS]

00:24:08 ◼   ► I have this big sprawling thing of text [TS]

00:24:10 ◼   ► site I've taken to putting certain [TS]

00:24:12 ◼   ► sections of the big sprawling wall of [TS]

00:24:14 ◼   ► text in bold so I can just glance it's [TS]

00:24:16 ◼   ► bold parts remind me so this may be a [TS]

00:24:18 ◼   ► little bit scattered but we'll see what [TS]

00:24:20 ◼   ► we can do here so the file system stuff [TS]

00:24:23 ◼   ► I thought I would start with what I [TS]

00:24:25 ◼   ► wrote about file systems in my Mac os10 [TS]

00:24:30 ◼   ► 10.7 lion review and I think that was [TS]

00:24:33 ◼   ► the first time I'd really talked about [TS]

00:24:34 ◼   ► file systems in in a Mac OS tender you [TS]

00:24:36 ◼   ► had written about it on in separate [TS]

00:24:38 ◼   ► articles and about the possibility of [TS]

00:24:40 ◼   ► ZFS being a Mac it was 10 and what ZFS [TS]

00:24:42 ◼   ► was I remember the ZFS was first coming [TS]

00:24:44 ◼   ► out and I don't like 10 years ago or [TS]

00:24:46 ◼   ► something maybe eight years ago they had [TS]

00:24:48 ◼   ► all these cool videos online about them [TS]

00:24:50 ◼   ► and I would link them save it boy look [TS]

00:24:51 ◼   ► at this cool thing because I'm into file [TS]

00:24:52 ◼   ► systems but when it came time to do the [TS]

00:24:54 ◼   ► Mac OS 10 review I didn't have much to [TS]

00:24:55 ◼   ► say about it until there was a big rumor [TS]

00:24:57 ◼   ► about ZFS coming to Mac OS 10 and [TS]

00:25:01 ◼   ► basically what happened is that Sun went [TS]

00:25:03 ◼   ► to Apple and pitched them on their new [TS]

00:25:05 ◼   ► file system I said hey you know we've [TS]

00:25:07 ◼   ► got this new file systems called ZFS [TS]

00:25:08 ◼   ► maybe you've seen stuff on the web about [TS]

00:25:10 ◼   ► it let's we're going to come and pitch [TS]

00:25:12 ◼   ► your engineers so they did a [TS]

00:25:14 ◼   ► presentation and said here's the FS and [TS]

00:25:15 ◼   ► the engineers asked them hard questions [TS]

00:25:17 ◼   ► and so on and so forth [TS]

00:25:18 ◼   ► uh and the team or the people [TS]

00:25:22 ◼   ► responsible for the file system at Apple [TS]

00:25:25 ◼   ► sort of decided that yeah let's try the [TS]

00:25:27 ◼   ► ZFS think this could be our ticket to [TS]

00:25:29 ◼   ► having a new file system at Apple is not [TS]

00:25:31 ◼   ► above going outside for something for [TS]

00:25:35 ◼   ► some software that it needs the main [TS]

00:25:39 ◼   ► barrier that I can imagine to the [TS]

00:25:41 ◼   ► typical Apple mindset is well can we [TS]

00:25:43 ◼   ► control this so for example Apple [TS]

00:25:44 ◼   ► adopted the KHTML product project from [TS]

00:25:47 ◼   ► the KDE in the Linux platform and they [TS]

00:25:51 ◼   ► sort of made it their own by turning [TS]

00:25:52 ◼   ► into WebKit because the open-source [TS]

00:25:53 ◼   ► license allowed them to do that their [TS]

00:25:55 ◼   ► chant you know WebKit is still open [TS]

00:25:56 ◼   ► source it's an open source project but [TS]

00:25:57 ◼   ► Apple basically took over development of [TS]

00:26:00 ◼   ► that thing and gave it a new name and [TS]

00:26:03 ◼   ► went off and ran with it so even though [TS]

00:26:06 ◼   ► this is something created by someone [TS]

00:26:07 ◼   ► else they're not beholden to someone for [TS]

00:26:10 ◼   ► advances in their web browser technology [TS]

00:26:11 ◼   ► and similarly for the BSD layer and in [TS]

00:26:14 ◼   ► their operating system BSD is is free [TS]

00:26:17 ◼   ► for an open source and you know free for [TS]

00:26:19 ◼   ► commercial use as long as they release [TS]

00:26:21 ◼   ► the sources which they do is part of the [TS]

00:26:22 ◼   ► darwin open source releases and all that [TS]

00:26:24 ◼   ► stuff so the question was well ZFS can [TS]

00:26:27 ◼   ► we take this and run with it like we [TS]

00:26:29 ◼   ► like the fact that someone else made it [TS]

00:26:31 ◼   ► and will continue to develop it but if [TS]

00:26:32 ◼   ► we are ever find ourselves at [TS]

00:26:34 ◼   ► cross-purposes with sun will would be ok [TS]

00:26:36 ◼   ► so that was one of the concerns we like [TS]

00:26:39 ◼   ► the technology it seems like suns [TS]

00:26:42 ◼   ► open-source license allows us to do what [TS]

00:26:44 ◼   ► we did with WebKit or BSD or any of the [TS]

00:26:46 ◼   ► other open source things that we use [TS]

00:26:47 ◼   ► where we won't be under the thumb or [TS]

00:26:49 ◼   ► waiting on Sun to make certain changes [TS]

00:26:51 ◼   ► and you know we'll maintain our own port [TS]

00:26:54 ◼   ► and make sure that it works in Mac OS 10 [TS]

00:26:56 ◼   ► and go with that [TS]

00:26:57 ◼   ► and I'd remember how far we got I think [TS]

00:26:59 ◼   ► the farthest it got was like on Apple [TS]

00:27:01 ◼   ► calm web page for Snow Leopard it said [TS]

00:27:04 ◼   ► stuff about ZFS and you'll be able to [TS]

00:27:07 ◼   ► use the FS isn't that cool that was [TS]

00:27:09 ◼   ► early in the development process and [TS]

00:27:11 ◼   ► eventually that text disappeared from [TS]

00:27:12 ◼   ► apple.com and as we all know that Apple [TS]

00:27:16 ◼   ► did not ship their operating system with [TS]

00:27:18 ◼   ► CFS as the default file system or even [TS]

00:27:20 ◼   ► as a support of file system although you [TS]

00:27:22 ◼   ► could get it from Apple comm for a long [TS]

00:27:24 ◼   ► time you could download [TS]

00:27:24 ◼   ► here's apples port of ZFS and try it and [TS]

00:27:27 ◼   ► it was just buggy it not complete and [TS]

00:27:28 ◼   ► you're kind of glad they didn't do [TS]

00:27:29 ◼   ► anything with it it did they they might [TS]

00:27:31 ◼   ► have even really [TS]

00:27:32 ◼   ► a version of server with support for it [TS]

00:27:34 ◼   ► built into it but the thing is it [TS]

00:27:36 ◼   ► basically just fizzled and there's many [TS]

00:27:39 ◼   ► questions as to why what happened is it [TS]

00:27:42 ◼   ► because son was sued by NetApp over [TS]

00:27:45 ◼   ► patents in the file system or later [TS]

00:27:48 ◼   ► people say well it's because they knew [TS]

00:27:50 ◼   ► Oracle was going to buy son or because [TS]

00:27:52 ◼   ► Oracle did buy son or they decided that [TS]

00:27:55 ◼   ► ZFS was not good not a good technical [TS]

00:27:57 ◼   ► fit for them inside Apple I imagine [TS]

00:28:00 ◼   ► there were definitely two factions the [TS]

00:28:02 ◼   ► people who really thought ZFS was [TS]

00:28:03 ◼   ► awesome that Apple should adopt it and [TS]

00:28:04 ◼   ► the people who thought it's better for [TS]

00:28:07 ◼   ► server type platforms and not great for [TS]

00:28:09 ◼   ► a consumer platform but the upshot is [TS]

00:28:10 ◼   ► that here we are now in 2012 and the [TS]

00:28:14 ◼   ► defaults file system for Mac OS 10 is as [TS]

00:28:17 ◼   ► it ever was H of S Plus and H of s plus [TS]

00:28:20 ◼   ► is very old thousand so I thought during [TS]

00:28:21 ◼   ► the line review this would be a good [TS]

00:28:23 ◼   ► time for me to take stock of this and so [TS]

00:28:25 ◼   ► I did a section called the state of the [TS]

00:28:27 ◼   ► file system and in it I described a [TS]

00:28:31 ◼   ► little bit of the story and what what [TS]

00:28:34 ◼   ► the current file system is and why it [TS]

00:28:37 ◼   ► needs a change and I thought this was [TS]

00:28:39 ◼   ► something worth explaining because most [TS]

00:28:41 ◼   ► of the time you bring up file systems to [TS]

00:28:42 ◼   ► even-even to nerds but people who aren't [TS]

00:28:44 ◼   ► into file systems like you talk to [TS]

00:28:46 ◼   ► computer programs like Oh what do I care [TS]

00:28:48 ◼   ► what the file system is like can I get [TS]

00:28:49 ◼   ► files off of it [TS]

00:28:50 ◼   ► does it does it work then why does it [TS]

00:28:53 ◼   ► need to change and that's a reasonable [TS]

00:28:57 ◼   ► position again not just for regular [TS]

00:28:58 ◼   ► users regular users don't even know the [TS]

00:29:00 ◼   ► file system exists or what you're [TS]

00:29:01 ◼   ► talking about number for actual [TS]

00:29:02 ◼   ► programmers disabled HFS+ is fine like [TS]

00:29:04 ◼   ► it the thing is they don't have a way to [TS]

00:29:07 ◼   ► if you're not into files and technology [TS]

00:29:10 ◼   ► you don't have a good way to judge what [TS]

00:29:12 ◼   ► makes a good file system look at because [TS]

00:29:17 ◼   ► it basically you have reliability which [TS]

00:29:18 ◼   ► is well does it seem to work most of the [TS]

00:29:21 ◼   ► time and I guess you kind of have speed [TS]

00:29:25 ◼   ► but people tend to put speed onto the [TS]

00:29:27 ◼   ► hardware they're like oh this hard disk [TS]

00:29:28 ◼   ► is really slow or this operating system [TS]

00:29:30 ◼   ► is slow or this version of this [TS]

00:29:31 ◼   ► operating system is slower this [TS]

00:29:32 ◼   ► application is really slow to launch or [TS]

00:29:36 ◼   ► any of those type of things tend not to [TS]

00:29:37 ◼   ► be laid at the feet of the file system [TS]

00:29:39 ◼   ► because it's as constant and since it [TS]

00:29:41 ◼   ► hasn't changed and much in such a long [TS]

00:29:43 ◼   ► time it's hard [TS]

00:29:45 ◼   ► to say oh this would be faster if we had [TS]

00:29:47 ◼   ► a different file system or anything like [TS]

00:29:49 ◼   ► that [TS]

00:29:49 ◼   ► but there are better criteria for [TS]

00:29:52 ◼   ► judging a file system and file systems [TS]

00:29:53 ◼   ► have come a long way since hfs+ which is [TS]

00:29:56 ◼   ► derived from HFS and so on and so forth [TS]

00:29:58 ◼   ► so you could follow the link in the show [TS]

00:29:59 ◼   ► notes to that the link takes you [TS]

00:30:02 ◼   ► directly to that particular section of [TS]

00:30:03 ◼   ► my Lyon review and you can read about it [TS]

00:30:05 ◼   ► at length I'll summarize the few of the [TS]

00:30:10 ◼   ► things that I complained about first was [TS]

00:30:13 ◼   ► that [TS]

00:30:15 ◼   ► HMS Plus in my very long experience with [TS]

00:30:18 ◼   ► it tends to corrupt itself so it's not [TS]

00:30:24 ◼   ► not a hardware problem like a software [TS]

00:30:25 ◼   ► alright so you have you have disk disk [TS]

00:30:28 ◼   ► what's called disk first aid a long time [TS]

00:30:30 ◼   ► ago yeah it's called Disk Utility now I [TS]

00:30:32 ◼   ► if you run that on your Mac and say you [TS]

00:30:36 ◼   ► can you can verify a repair you can [TS]

00:30:38 ◼   ► verify your boot disk or you can repair [TS]

00:30:39 ◼   ► another disk so if you boot from a [TS]

00:30:41 ◼   ► different disc this is or even just hit [TS]

00:30:43 ◼   ► verify on your boot disk chances are [TS]

00:30:45 ◼   ► pretty good it will find problems and [TS]

00:30:47 ◼   ► what is it what is it has a bunch of [TS]

00:30:48 ◼   ► mumbo-jumbo it's going to say like in [TS]

00:30:50 ◼   ► correct extent block or bitmap error or [TS]

00:30:54 ◼   ► something you know it's going to say all [TS]

00:30:55 ◼   ► these weird stuff that you don't [TS]

00:30:56 ◼   ► understand [TS]

00:30:57 ◼   ► and they're going to show up a little [TS]

00:30:58 ◼   ► red text and you're going to be like [TS]

00:30:59 ◼   ► what the heck is that and then if it's [TS]

00:31:01 ◼   ► not your boot disk you can hit repair [TS]

00:31:02 ◼   ► and it will go through and grind grind [TS]

00:31:04 ◼   ► grind and find these little errors and [TS]

00:31:06 ◼   ► fix them and say repair successful then [TS]

00:31:08 ◼   ► you run verify again it'll say ok [TS]

00:31:09 ◼   ► everything's great this is not healthy [TS]

00:31:12 ◼   ► behavior for file systems where the file [TS]

00:31:16 ◼   ► system job is to keep track of where [TS]

00:31:17 ◼   ► everything is so when you ask our files [TS]

00:31:20 ◼   ► go say ok well where where is the data [TS]

00:31:22 ◼   ► for this file and if you don't think [TS]

00:31:24 ◼   ► about it too much like oh isn't it just [TS]

00:31:26 ◼   ► like in one big long line and it reads [TS]

00:31:28 ◼   ► off this now it's spread all over the [TS]

00:31:29 ◼   ► place and little pieces and it has to [TS]

00:31:30 ◼   ► keep track of where little pieces are [TS]

00:31:32 ◼   ► what order they go in you know and on [TS]

00:31:34 ◼   ► and on until like how many files are in [TS]

00:31:36 ◼   ► this directory where do I get to those [TS]

00:31:37 ◼   ► files what are the names of those files [TS]

00:31:39 ◼   ► all this information about where stuff [TS]

00:31:41 ◼   ► is on your disk the file system has data [TS]

00:31:44 ◼   ► structures that it manages to keep track [TS]

00:31:46 ◼   ► of that and of course those data [TS]

00:31:48 ◼   ► structures themselves are stored on the [TS]

00:31:50 ◼   ► disk and there's a whole big hierarchy [TS]

00:31:51 ◼   ► of layering for the storage but broadly [TS]

00:31:53 ◼   ► speaking there when I talk about file [TS]

00:31:56 ◼   ► system metadata it's the stuff that the [TS]

00:31:58 ◼   ► file system stores to know [TS]

00:31:59 ◼   ► where everything is and when it finds [TS]

00:32:00 ◼   ► these errors it make a lot of them maybe [TS]

00:32:02 ◼   ► seemingly benign like oh this should [TS]

00:32:05 ◼   ► this file was actually deleted but this [TS]

00:32:07 ◼   ► space used by this file still marked as [TS]

00:32:10 ◼   ► being in use in this thing that we use [TS]

00:32:11 ◼   ► to keep track of what pieces of disk are [TS]

00:32:13 ◼   ► used or not so I should just mark that [TS]

00:32:15 ◼   ► as not in use anymore [TS]

00:32:16 ◼   ► I don't know how that happened but I [TS]

00:32:18 ◼   ► should fix it all the way up to I can't [TS]

00:32:21 ◼   ► make heads or tails of this directory [TS]

00:32:23 ◼   ► entry I can't tell what's supposed to be [TS]

00:32:24 ◼   ► in this directory or the directory entry [TS]

00:32:27 ◼   ► says it's supposed to be 50 files in [TS]

00:32:28 ◼   ► here but I can only see two so [TS]

00:32:29 ◼   ► something's messed up here so I'm not [TS]

00:32:31 ◼   ► quite sure what to do should I change it [TS]

00:32:33 ◼   ► so that the number says two instead of [TS]

00:32:35 ◼   ► 50 or maybe they really work 50 files in [TS]

00:32:37 ◼   ► here and I should go try and scan the [TS]

00:32:38 ◼   ► disk and see if I can reconstruct where [TS]

00:32:39 ◼   ► those 50 files are all this again is not [TS]

00:32:41 ◼   ► Hardware a problem your disk is not [TS]

00:32:43 ◼   ► failing although this can be part of it [TS]

00:32:45 ◼   ► but these things can happen and do have [TS]

00:32:47 ◼   ► a non hfs+ when your hardware is [TS]

00:32:50 ◼   ► perfectly fine and this is not this is [TS]

00:32:52 ◼   ► not a good thing not a good thing at all [TS]

00:32:54 ◼   ► it's very troubling would you say yes [TS]

00:32:57 ◼   ► so Apple has been trying to address this [TS]

00:32:59 ◼   ► with their file system for a while the [TS]

00:33:01 ◼   ► HMS plus was derived from HFS which was [TS]

00:33:03 ◼   ► developed in like 1986 or something so [TS]

00:33:05 ◼   ► it's really old and file system [TS]

00:33:07 ◼   ► technology has been marching on and [TS]

00:33:09 ◼   ► especially in the server space you want [TS]

00:33:11 ◼   ► your servers disk to be resilient in the [TS]

00:33:14 ◼   ► case of you know that someone yanked out [TS]

00:33:16 ◼   ► the power club plugged in the data [TS]

00:33:18 ◼   ► center or you got a kernel panic or [TS]

00:33:19 ◼   ► something like that you don't want to [TS]

00:33:20 ◼   ► lose all your data in the server space [TS]

00:33:21 ◼   ► so that was the first the server was the [TS]

00:33:23 ◼   ► first realm of let's care about our data [TS]

00:33:26 ◼   ► and let's not accept that off some will [TS]

00:33:29 ◼   ► pull the plug well tough luck [TS]

00:33:30 ◼   ► everything's gone or you might lose [TS]

00:33:31 ◼   ► everything [TS]

00:33:33 ◼   ► so journaling is one of the first things [TS]

00:33:36 ◼   ► they use to address this where the [TS]

00:33:37 ◼   ► filesystem writes a little or writes a [TS]

00:33:39 ◼   ► little diary of like okay I'm going to [TS]

00:33:41 ◼   ► do this and then it does it and then it [TS]

00:33:42 ◼   ► goes back to the list and says okay I [TS]

00:33:44 ◼   ► did that thing that's journaling in a [TS]

00:33:46 ◼   ► broad sense and what this lets you do is [TS]

00:33:49 ◼   ► if the plug goes out in the middle of [TS]

00:33:53 ◼   ► you doing something when you go back on [TS]

00:33:54 ◼   ► you should have a little entry in the [TS]

00:33:55 ◼   ► journal that says okay I'm going to do [TS]

00:33:57 ◼   ► this and then you can look on your disk [TS]

00:33:58 ◼   ► and see that it's like half done and you [TS]

00:34:00 ◼   ► if you have enough information you can [TS]

00:34:02 ◼   ► you can finish doing at that point [TS]

00:34:03 ◼   ► because you have your little journal [TS]

00:34:04 ◼   ► entry of what you're going to do or you [TS]

00:34:06 ◼   ► can say let's go back to the time before [TS]

00:34:08 ◼   ► that happened [TS]

00:34:09 ◼   ► and pretend that didn't happen at all so [TS]

00:34:11 ◼   ► it's trying to keep track of what you [TS]

00:34:14 ◼   ► plan to do and whether it's been done or [TS]

00:34:15 ◼   ► not so when you when you start up an [TS]

00:34:18 ◼   ► HFS+ volume so they add a journaling to [TS]

00:34:21 ◼   ► hfs+ that it had some that a term it [TS]

00:34:25 ◼   ► terminated abruptly during the middle of [TS]

00:34:27 ◼   ► something it will say replaying the [TS]

00:34:28 ◼   ► journal so it will see those little [TS]

00:34:29 ◼   ► journal entries and replay them and try [TS]

00:34:31 ◼   ► to get you back into a consistent state [TS]

00:34:32 ◼   ► that's what they're always looking for [TS]

00:34:34 ◼   ► in file systems is things have to be in [TS]

00:34:36 ◼   ► a consistent state all the little blocks [TS]

00:34:39 ◼   ► of data have to be accounted for every [TS]

00:34:40 ◼   ► files little blocks have to be there all [TS]

00:34:42 ◼   ► the metadata has to match up so like I [TS]

00:34:44 ◼   ► said if I say that there are two files [TS]

00:34:46 ◼   ► in this directory [TS]

00:34:47 ◼   ► there should be two files in there when [TS]

00:34:48 ◼   ► I look at my little list of files in the [TS]

00:34:49 ◼   ► directory inside the file system and I [TS]

00:34:51 ◼   ► see five but the directory says I'm only [TS]

00:34:53 ◼   ► supposed to have three something's wrong [TS]

00:34:54 ◼   ► and I don't quite know what it is now [TS]

00:34:57 ◼   ► this doesn't happen like crazy and hfs+ [TS]

00:35:01 ◼   ► disk can take a huge number of these [TS]

00:35:03 ◼   ► little tiny errors and you won't notice [TS]

00:35:05 ◼   ► them that's why I think you know [TS]

00:35:07 ◼   ► everybody after they listen to the show [TS]

00:35:08 ◼   ► could should reboot from their boot CD [TS]

00:35:11 ◼   ► that came with their Mac or reboot from [TS]

00:35:14 ◼   ► an alternate drive or from the recovery [TS]

00:35:16 ◼   ► drive they're using a line to hold down [TS]

00:35:17 ◼   ► command are when you boot and run Disk [TS]

00:35:19 ◼   ► Utility on your boot disk and click the [TS]

00:35:22 ◼   ► repair button or just click verify and [TS]

00:35:25 ◼   ► see if you find any errors what you'd [TS]

00:35:27 ◼   ► want to find is zero errors because [TS]

00:35:30 ◼   ► that's that shows that your software is [TS]

00:35:32 ◼   ► resilient to the kinds of weird failures [TS]

00:35:34 ◼   ► that you might have and the worst thing [TS]

00:35:36 ◼   ► about HIV+ I think is that you will get [TS]

00:35:39 ◼   ► errors even though as far as you're [TS]

00:35:42 ◼   ► concerned nothing bad happened you [TS]

00:35:43 ◼   ► didn't there was no power failure [TS]

00:35:45 ◼   ► no one kicked out the plug nothing like [TS]

00:35:47 ◼   ► that see you're like well shouldn't you [TS]

00:35:49 ◼   ► know under normal even if applications [TS]

00:35:51 ◼   ► crash under normal operation like I [TS]

00:35:54 ◼   ► don't care if the application crashes if [TS]

00:35:56 ◼   ► the application crashes when it's in the [TS]

00:35:57 ◼   ► middle of writing a file it should be up [TS]

00:35:58 ◼   ► to the file system you know that the i/o [TS]

00:36:01 ◼   ► interface isn't its job to at least make [TS]

00:36:03 ◼   ► sure the data is consistent yet your [TS]

00:36:04 ◼   ► your file itself could be scrambled the [TS]

00:36:06 ◼   ► contents of the file could be scrambled [TS]

00:36:08 ◼   ► but the file system should not oh yeah [TS]

00:36:09 ◼   ► those is file it's got 20 bytes in it [TS]

00:36:11 ◼   ► those 20 bytes are garbage because the [TS]

00:36:13 ◼   ► app crashed and just spit out random [TS]

00:36:14 ◼   ► memory into it whatever but it's exactly [TS]

00:36:16 ◼   ► 20 bytes I know how big it is I'm not [TS]

00:36:18 ◼   ► confused about where this file is I'm [TS]

00:36:20 ◼   ► not confused about the the blocks that [TS]

00:36:22 ◼   ► are allocated to a Miskin nothing [TS]

00:36:23 ◼   ► everything is perfectly consistent as [TS]

00:36:24 ◼   ► far as the file system goes those are [TS]

00:36:26 ◼   ► the kind of errors that Disk Utility is [TS]

00:36:28 ◼   ► finding it's finding inconsistencies in [TS]

00:36:30 ◼   ► keeping track of your data on disk [TS]

00:36:32 ◼   ► doesn't care what the date is they could [TS]

00:36:34 ◼   ► all be garbage so file system is not [TS]

00:36:35 ◼   ► concerned about that it's just supposed [TS]

00:36:36 ◼   ► to keep track of everything so that [TS]

00:36:40 ◼   ► bothers me and the root cause of you [TS]

00:36:43 ◼   ► know why that happens are there many [TS]

00:36:45 ◼   ► different reasons why the happens we'll [TS]

00:36:46 ◼   ► get into a little bit later but the fact [TS]

00:36:48 ◼   ► that does happen is bad the second one [TS]

00:36:51 ◼   ► is some issue that almost no one seems [TS]

00:36:55 ◼   ► to care about except for CFS nerds and I [TS]

00:36:57 ◼   ► think many many more people should care [TS]

00:36:59 ◼   ► about and I've been excited as one of [TS]

00:37:01 ◼   ► the reason I was so excited about ZFS is [TS]

00:37:03 ◼   ► data integrity this is getting it to [TS]

00:37:06 ◼   ► hardware errors where you write a [TS]

00:37:09 ◼   ► program that writes out the numbers 1 2 [TS]

00:37:10 ◼   ► 3 4 5 - to a file on disk you want to be [TS]

00:37:14 ◼   ► able to come back 6 months from now and [TS]

00:37:15 ◼   ► read that file and get 1 2 3 Pro 5 back [TS]

00:37:17 ◼   ► ah and one of the reasons you might not [TS]

00:37:21 ◼   ► get your contents back is a hardware [TS]

00:37:23 ◼   ► problem because remember these you know [TS]

00:37:25 ◼   ► hard disks especially we're magnetizing [TS]

00:37:28 ◼   ► little tiny pieces of something on a [TS]

00:37:30 ◼   ► spinning platter and you know it's [TS]

00:37:33 ◼   ► possible for one of those bits to flip [TS]

00:37:34 ◼   ► the other way cosmic rays coming from [TS]

00:37:37 ◼   ► the sky hitting your flash chips all [TS]

00:37:38 ◼   ► sorts of hardware related reasons that [TS]

00:37:40 ◼   ► are not the fault of the software that [TS]

00:37:41 ◼   ► Apple writes that could make the data [TS]

00:37:45 ◼   ► that you previously wrote to disk be [TS]

00:37:47 ◼   ► incorrect so this is mostly esoteric [TS]

00:37:52 ◼   ► academic type of thing or like oh well [TS]

00:37:54 ◼   ► you know cosmic rays and bits flipping [TS]

00:37:56 ◼   ► that happens so rarely and who really [TS]

00:37:57 ◼   ► cares and if one bit flips and your JPEG [TS]

00:37:59 ◼   ► image you know who really cares doesn't [TS]

00:38:01 ◼   ► make a difference but what I quoted in [TS]

00:38:04 ◼   ► my line reviewer are a reference to some [TS]

00:38:07 ◼   ► studies about ok well how often does [TS]

00:38:08 ◼   ► this happen so say it happens like you [TS]

00:38:11 ◼   ► know one in every million bits flips [TS]

00:38:14 ◼   ► like once a year or something like [TS]

00:38:15 ◼   ► Allah's no problem and when most of [TS]

00:38:18 ◼   ► these file systems were designed disks [TS]

00:38:20 ◼   ► were tiny they were like you know the [TS]

00:38:21 ◼   ► biggest hard disk you could get was 10 [TS]

00:38:23 ◼   ► megabytes that's not ten gigabytes [TS]

00:38:24 ◼   ► people is 10 megabytes you know that's [TS]

00:38:27 ◼   ► that was a big hunk and hard drive that [TS]

00:38:29 ◼   ► you buy for $1000 and so I said yeah we [TS]

00:38:31 ◼   ► get one bit flip error and every you [TS]

00:38:34 ◼   ► know 100 gigabytes of data but you know [TS]

00:38:36 ◼   ► but our drives are ten megabytes that we [TS]

00:38:38 ◼   ► would have to let that drive sit there [TS]

00:38:39 ◼   ► for 300 years before one of those bit [TS]

00:38:41 ◼   ► slipped so fast-forward to today and [TS]

00:38:46 ◼   ► it's not unheard of to have a terabyte [TS]

00:38:49 ◼   ► hard drive so all of a sudden that one [TS]

00:38:50 ◼   ► it's like the I've said this before and [TS]

00:38:52 ◼   ► mangled it and I'll do it again the one [TS]

00:38:54 ◼   ► in a million chance that means you know [TS]

00:38:55 ◼   ► a hundred people in China could do it or [TS]

00:38:57 ◼   ► a thousand people in China could do it I [TS]

00:38:58 ◼   ► still can't to him but the point is once [TS]

00:39:00 ◼   ► you get two really big numbers [TS]

00:39:01 ◼   ► that little info intestinal odds of data [TS]

00:39:05 ◼   ► of you know hardware-based the bit rot [TS]

00:39:08 ◼   ► suddenly become significant so that I [TS]

00:39:11 ◼   ► did I get this quote see this is where [TS]

00:39:13 ◼   ► my notes are falling down here's the [TS]

00:39:15 ◼   ► quote from the study from from 2010 they [TS]

00:39:18 ◼   ► studied one and a half million drives [TS]

00:39:20 ◼   ► over a course of 41 months and they [TS]

00:39:23 ◼   ► showed that 400,000 blocks had errors 8% [TS]

00:39:27 ◼   ► of which were discovered during raid [TS]

00:39:28 ◼   ► reconstruction we'll talk about rate in [TS]

00:39:30 ◼   ► a little bit so when you say that when [TS]

00:39:34 ◼   ► you do the odds they look you know like [TS]

00:39:37 ◼   ► oh I'm probably safe but when you think [TS]

00:39:38 ◼   ► about the idea that 400,000 blocks have [TS]

00:39:42 ◼   ► gone bad [TS]

00:39:43 ◼   ► across 1.5 million disks but that's not [TS]

00:39:47 ◼   ► great odds is like oh you know what is [TS]

00:39:49 ◼   ► that a one-in-four error chance that you [TS]

00:39:52 ◼   ► have a bad block on your disk those I [TS]

00:39:55 ◼   ► don't like those odds [TS]

00:39:56 ◼   ► because blocks are actually you know [TS]

00:39:58 ◼   ► pretty big and so in a certain point it [TS]

00:40:02 ◼   ► becomes someone's responsibility to make [TS]

00:40:04 ◼   ► sure that the data on disk is correct [TS]

00:40:07 ◼   ► and we just keep getting more and more [TS]

00:40:10 ◼   ► data and I think the point that I made [TS]

00:40:12 ◼   ► in line article and if not I'll make it [TS]

00:40:14 ◼   ► now is that the data we're putting the [TS]

00:40:16 ◼   ► digitally storing is becoming more and [TS]

00:40:19 ◼   ► more important like if you lost your [TS]

00:40:20 ◼   ► applications you can redownload them and [TS]

00:40:22 ◼   ► if you lost your files well hopefully [TS]

00:40:24 ◼   ► you had a backup of Monopoly those [TS]

00:40:25 ◼   ► backups aren't corrupted but we all have [TS]

00:40:28 ◼   ► our photos on our computers and our [TS]

00:40:30 ◼   ► photos of our kids instead of most of us [TS]

00:40:31 ◼   ► don't print them and put them in albums [TS]

00:40:32 ◼   ► anymore yeah if you lost all the photos [TS]

00:40:34 ◼   ► of your kids it's a little bit more [TS]

00:40:36 ◼   ► upsetting than even losing like your [TS]

00:40:39 ◼   ► novel in progress or some work thing [TS]

00:40:41 ◼   ► that you did our videos of your kids or [TS]

00:40:44 ◼   ► any you know the stuff we put in our [TS]

00:40:45 ◼   ► computers is becoming extremely [TS]

00:40:47 ◼   ► important and to lose it because [TS]

00:40:50 ◼   ► as well you know hardware is imperfect [TS]

00:40:51 ◼   ► and I had had a huge you know I have a [TS]

00:40:54 ◼   ► 12 megapixel camera which you can you [TS]

00:40:56 ◼   ► know which aren't that expensive these [TS]

00:40:57 ◼   ► days and I took tons of pictures of my [TS]

00:40:59 ◼   ► kid and I filled up my terabyte hard [TS]

00:41:00 ◼   ► drive with tons of images and I had [TS]

00:41:03 ◼   ► backups and everything but the backups [TS]

00:41:05 ◼   ► are corrupted because the main disk was [TS]

00:41:06 ◼   ► corrupted and I think it's the [TS]

00:41:09 ◼   ► responsibility of the hardware and [TS]

00:41:12 ◼   ► software vendor to eventually address [TS]

00:41:14 ◼   ► this and say we need a way to know to [TS]

00:41:16 ◼   ► know that the data is correct and so the [TS]

00:41:18 ◼   ► they obvious way to do that is to do [TS]

00:41:20 ◼   ► check sums on all your data which is you [TS]

00:41:21 ◼   ► write the data to the disk and then you [TS]

00:41:23 ◼   ► write something derive from that data so [TS]

00:41:25 ◼   ► if that data ever changes when you read [TS]

00:41:27 ◼   ► arrive that thing from it it will not [TS]

00:41:29 ◼   ► match this doesn't fix the problem of [TS]

00:41:32 ◼   ► the bits flipping that bits are always [TS]

00:41:33 ◼   ► going to be bad but what you want to do [TS]

00:41:34 ◼   ► is you want to know when it's bad so for [TS]

00:41:38 ◼   ► example your backup program could refuse [TS]

00:41:40 ◼   ► to backup that new version of that file [TS]

00:41:43 ◼   ► and say well I've got an old backup [TS]

00:41:45 ◼   ► version of that file but the new version [TS]

00:41:47 ◼   ► something's happened to it on the disk [TS]

00:41:48 ◼   ► and it's messed up because the checksum [TS]

00:41:50 ◼   ► ship says it should should be this but [TS]

00:41:52 ◼   ► when I read the actual data off that [TS]

00:41:53 ◼   ► block I get something different so that [TS]

00:41:55 ◼   ► data is messed up now and I don't want [TS]

00:41:56 ◼   ► to copy that on top of your old version [TS]

00:41:58 ◼   ► that's what happens with corruptions if [TS]

00:42:01 ◼   ► you don't know about it eventually all [TS]

00:42:03 ◼   ► your backups are filled with that [TS]

00:42:04 ◼   ► corruption - like you you literally have [TS]

00:42:06 ◼   ► no way to know if you were to go to an [TS]

00:42:08 ◼   ► HFS+ disk now and say oh can I check [TS]

00:42:10 ◼   ► this disk to make sure all my pictures [TS]

00:42:12 ◼   ► and stuff are correct no there's no way [TS]

00:42:13 ◼   ► you can check because you don't know [TS]

00:42:14 ◼   ► what the date is supposed to be you can [TS]

00:42:16 ◼   ► read what it is in sight well like [TS]

00:42:18 ◼   ► here's the contents of this JPEG is that [TS]

00:42:20 ◼   ► right maybe you could check like is it [TS]

00:42:22 ◼   ► uh is it does it comply with the JPEG [TS]

00:42:23 ◼   ► format but inevitably there's gonna be [TS]

00:42:25 ◼   ► big sections of data on your disk and [TS]

00:42:27 ◼   ► you just have to go I guess I don't know [TS]

00:42:30 ◼   ► is that what we wrote originally [TS]

00:42:32 ◼   ► probably commit you open it up in the [TS]

00:42:34 ◼   ► JPEG view and you can look at it if you [TS]

00:42:36 ◼   ► see like a big squiggly lines or this [TS]

00:42:37 ◼   ► big you know colored rainbow stripes on [TS]

00:42:41 ◼   ► it you know it's messed up but that you [TS]

00:42:44 ◼   ► have no way to really know and [TS]

00:42:45 ◼   ► executable programs are even worse [TS]

00:42:46 ◼   ► because you have to like run it and make [TS]

00:42:48 ◼   ► sure you you execute the piece of code [TS]

00:42:49 ◼   ► that's on that block it's it's it's [TS]

00:42:52 ◼   ► scary to think that you have you know [TS]

00:42:54 ◼   ► millions and billions and billions of [TS]

00:42:56 ◼   ► bytes of data and you have no idea if [TS]

00:42:59 ◼   ► any of it is correct so ZFS [TS]

00:43:03 ◼   ► one of the many things the FS did was [TS]

00:43:04 ◼   ► address that and they said we were going [TS]

00:43:06 ◼   ► to have end-to-end data integrity that [TS]

00:43:09 ◼   ► we will just put check sums at [TS]

00:43:11 ◼   ► everything and so anything is screwed up [TS]

00:43:13 ◼   ► anywhere we will be able to find out and [TS]

00:43:16 ◼   ► in the course of development of ZFS they [TS]

00:43:18 ◼   ► did interesting things like found bugs [TS]

00:43:20 ◼   ► in discs firmware or our drivers or [TS]

00:43:23 ◼   ► other sorts of pieces of the storage [TS]

00:43:26 ◼   ► stack that people always assumed were [TS]

00:43:28 ◼   ► infallible like you know I have some [TS]

00:43:30 ◼   ► card that has a bunch of disks attached [TS]

00:43:33 ◼   ► to the stick into a server and ZFS would [TS]

00:43:35 ◼   ► start complaining like all your file [TS]

00:43:36 ◼   ► system is broken keeps complaining about [TS]

00:43:38 ◼   ► errors there's no errors here and [TS]

00:43:39 ◼   ► eventually you find out it's a bug in [TS]

00:43:41 ◼   ► some chip on the controller for that [TS]

00:43:42 ◼   ► disk drive and you never would have [TS]

00:43:44 ◼   ► found that before it just would have [TS]

00:43:45 ◼   ► been silently corrupting your data in [TS]

00:43:46 ◼   ► and you would have no idea that it was [TS]

00:43:48 ◼   ► doing and the final thing that ZFS [TS]

00:43:53 ◼   ► brings a table that hfs+ needs just [TS]

00:43:56 ◼   ► really this gets into the bait of what [TS]

00:43:58 ◼   ► is a file system and what should it do [TS]

00:44:00 ◼   ► but this is a concept of thing called [TS]

00:44:01 ◼   ► logical volume management and the quick [TS]

00:44:03 ◼   ► summary of that is the idea that a [TS]

00:44:06 ◼   ► single icon and your desktop it looks [TS]

00:44:07 ◼   ► like one container of first stuff could [TS]

00:44:10 ◼   ► be made up of more than one physical [TS]

00:44:13 ◼   ► thing it's divorcing the physical from [TS]

00:44:16 ◼   ► the logical so physical volumes are like [TS]

00:44:18 ◼   ► a big square metal thing that's a hard [TS]

00:44:21 ◼   ► disk or a bunch of chips that make up an [TS]

00:44:22 ◼   ► SSD and a logical volume could be is a [TS]

00:44:27 ◼   ► concept that says ok take a little bit [TS]

00:44:29 ◼   ► storage from here a little bit storage [TS]

00:44:30 ◼   ► from there a little storage from there [TS]

00:44:31 ◼   ► and I pull it all together into this one [TS]

00:44:32 ◼   ► big thing and this is what it looks like [TS]

00:44:34 ◼   ► as far as the operating system is [TS]

00:44:35 ◼   ► concerned but behind the scenes the [TS]

00:44:36 ◼   ► physical reality is different and [TS]

00:44:37 ◼   ► there's all sorts of ways you can mix [TS]

00:44:38 ◼   ► and match that many people will say that [TS]

00:44:42 ◼   ► logical volume management supposed to be [TS]

00:44:43 ◼   ► separate from the file system the file [TS]

00:44:45 ◼   ► system should just be the concern of the [TS]

00:44:46 ◼   ► you know physical device and then [TS]

00:44:48 ◼   ► logical volume management's layer above [TS]

00:44:49 ◼   ► that ZFS sort of combines it all into [TS]

00:44:51 ◼   ► one big thing now getting to I'm [TS]

00:44:58 ◼   ► creeping up on something believe it or [TS]

00:44:59 ◼   ► not we should we should creep up on our [TS]

00:45:01 ◼   ► our first sponsor that's a good idea [TS]

00:45:04 ◼   ► all right you can take a breather and [TS]

00:45:06 ◼   ► use try try your mute switch all right [TS]

00:45:09 ◼   ► here we go [TS]

00:45:09 ◼   ► all right first sponsor its apps fire [TS]

00:45:14 ◼   ► these guys are really cool I've been [TS]

00:45:16 ◼   ► used [TS]

00:45:16 ◼   ► this site a lot since then in a week or [TS]

00:45:19 ◼   ► two before they wanted to sponsor so I'm [TS]

00:45:22 ◼   ► pretty impressed with what they're doing [TS]

00:45:23 ◼   ► and here basically what's the problem [TS]

00:45:26 ◼   ► what are they trying to solve I'll tell [TS]

00:45:27 ◼   ► you finding your way around the App [TS]

00:45:28 ◼   ► Store it's it's a big challenge I mean [TS]

00:45:30 ◼   ► you've been you've been reading the news [TS]

00:45:32 ◼   ► maybe over the last week Apple [TS]

00:45:33 ◼   ► apparently acquired some company because [TS]

00:45:35 ◼   ► it admittedly they don't come out and [TS]

00:45:37 ◼   ► say it's a problem but when they're [TS]

00:45:39 ◼   ► acquiring a company that does things [TS]

00:45:41 ◼   ► like this to try and make the experience [TS]

00:45:43 ◼   ► better that's that's an admission that [TS]

00:45:45 ◼   ► they want to make it better well you [TS]

00:45:47 ◼   ► don't have to wait for them to figure [TS]

00:45:48 ◼   ► out how to do that you've got apps fire [TS]

00:45:50 ◼   ► today and this is because finding your [TS]

00:45:53 ◼   ► way around the App Store figuring out [TS]

00:45:55 ◼   ► what apps to use it can be it can be a [TS]

00:45:57 ◼   ► big challenge and that's the challenge [TS]

00:45:59 ◼   ► that people are faced with it's even a [TS]

00:46:00 ◼   ► tougher challenge if you are the creator [TS]

00:46:03 ◼   ► of an app and you want to get your app [TS]

00:46:04 ◼   ► there and you want to get it out in [TS]

00:46:05 ◼   ► front of people you want to make it easy [TS]

00:46:07 ◼   ► for them to find forget using I mean 4k [TS]

00:46:10 ◼   ► using iTunes in the App Store that [TS]

00:46:11 ◼   ► that's that's tough this is where apps [TS]

00:46:13 ◼   ► fire comes into the picture it's a [TS]

00:46:14 ◼   ► discovery and promotion service [TS]

00:46:16 ◼   ► specifically for mobile apps they create [TS]

00:46:20 ◼   ► a very slick guide popular guides to the [TS]

00:46:23 ◼   ► App Store and to Android users it's used [TS]

00:46:26 ◼   ► by millions of users around the world [TS]

00:46:27 ◼   ► you can discover the App Store in a [TS]

00:46:30 ◼   ► whole new way the apps of your friends [TS]

00:46:32 ◼   ► the apps of text celebrities absolute [TS]

00:46:34 ◼   ► that drop in price all of this stuff [TS]

00:46:36 ◼   ► they track it all at they make it very [TS]

00:46:39 ◼   ► easy for you as a creator to put your [TS]

00:46:42 ◼   ► app in front of a really really good and [TS]

00:46:44 ◼   ► growing audience they don't pay users [TS]

00:46:48 ◼   ► there's no scam involved they're not [TS]

00:46:50 ◼   ► paying people to download it users [TS]

00:46:52 ◼   ► download it if they want it's that [TS]

00:46:53 ◼   ► simple [TS]

00:46:54 ◼   ► it's just a way to get better quality [TS]

00:46:56 ◼   ► users faster so you can get 10% off of [TS]

00:47:00 ◼   ► this service if you use the code five by [TS]

00:47:02 ◼   ► five and apparently they're giving away [TS]

00:47:05 ◼   ► some free ad campaigns so so reach out [TS]

00:47:07 ◼   ► get in touch you go to apps feiyr.com [TS]

00:47:08 ◼   ► slash 5x5 you can even contact them [TS]

00:47:11 ◼   ► directly they set up a special email [TS]

00:47:13 ◼   ► address five by five at apps feiyr.com [TS]

00:47:16 ◼   ► so please do go check those guys out [TS]

00:47:18 ◼   ► very cool service all right I'm going to [TS]

00:47:24 ◼   ► talk a little bit about raid raid now [TS]

00:47:26 ◼   ► first of all we should come right out [TS]

00:47:28 ◼   ► and say raid [TS]

00:47:30 ◼   ► is a backup and all you need to do is [TS]

00:47:32 ◼   ► have your files on a raid system and [TS]

00:47:34 ◼   ► your fully backed up nothing to worry [TS]

00:47:36 ◼   ► about [TS]

00:47:36 ◼   ► sit back there's no that folks that's [TS]

00:47:39 ◼   ► sarcasm wait wait [TS]

00:47:42 ◼   ► raid isn't backup john rate is not a [TS]

00:47:45 ◼   ► back oh come on the people in about who [TS]

00:47:48 ◼   ► know what ray did so yeah redundant [TS]

00:47:50 ◼   ► array of independent it is inexpensive [TS]

00:47:54 ◼   ► and expensive yeah that they changed it [TS]

00:47:56 ◼   ► didn't they change it wonder they [TS]

00:47:58 ◼   ► probably did it because they realized [TS]

00:47:59 ◼   ► that they're making tons of money [TS]

00:48:00 ◼   ► selling $3,000 hard drive but yes [TS]

00:48:03 ◼   ► originally it was in it was inexpensive [TS]

00:48:05 ◼   ► disks the concept is you could take a [TS]

00:48:07 ◼   ► bunch of these cheap discs throw them [TS]

00:48:10 ◼   ► together and you could merge them into [TS]

00:48:12 ◼   ► one big volume and that volume might [TS]

00:48:15 ◼   ► maybe behind the scenes it was just [TS]

00:48:17 ◼   ► striped to make everything a lot faster [TS]

00:48:19 ◼   ► maybe a stripe for redundancy maybe it [TS]

00:48:20 ◼   ► was mirroring going on you could have [TS]

00:48:22 ◼   ► one drive found the others would keep [TS]

00:48:23 ◼   ► working and it was the holy grail of [TS]

00:48:26 ◼   ► storage it still maybe is well no it [TS]

00:48:30 ◼   ► definitely isn't anymore nothing like [TS]

00:48:32 ◼   ► originally it was one of the first [TS]

00:48:33 ◼   ► efforts to formalize the idea of I have [TS]

00:48:35 ◼   ► so much stuff that either it can't fit [TS]

00:48:37 ◼   ► on one disk at the current disk sizes or [TS]

00:48:39 ◼   ► I want more performance you know it's a [TS]

00:48:42 ◼   ► way to scale storage say look well I've [TS]

00:48:44 ◼   ► got one hard drive and it's this fast [TS]

00:48:46 ◼   ► can I get two hard drives and have it be [TS]

00:48:48 ◼   ► twice as fast well only if you're [TS]

00:48:50 ◼   ► reading one thing from this one one [TS]

00:48:51 ◼   ► thing from that one it's like well I [TS]

00:48:52 ◼   ► want I want scalable storage I want to [TS]

00:48:54 ◼   ► be able to add drives and either get [TS]

00:48:55 ◼   ► more performance and more redundancy or [TS]

00:48:57 ◼   ► both you know if it and then you get [TS]

00:48:59 ◼   ► into situation like where okay so I'm [TS]

00:49:01 ◼   ► putting my data on on these five disks [TS]

00:49:03 ◼   ► or six disks or whatever if one of the [TS]

00:49:05 ◼   ► disks fails do I lose all my data well [TS]

00:49:07 ◼   ► no that's going to the raid levels which [TS]

00:49:09 ◼   ► I'm not going to get into it's archaic [TS]

00:49:10 ◼   ► and no one should really need to know [TS]

00:49:11 ◼   ► raid levels but there are many different [TS]

00:49:14 ◼   ► schemes like well if you just merely [TS]

00:49:16 ◼   ► spread the data in five separate pieces [TS]

00:49:17 ◼   ► across these drives or whatever yeah if [TS]

00:49:19 ◼   ► you lose one disk everything is gone [TS]

00:49:20 ◼   ► because one fifth of your data is gone [TS]

00:49:21 ◼   ► and in four-fifths of data is no good [TS]

00:49:24 ◼   ► deal so that would but do you get better [TS]

00:49:26 ◼   ► performance out of that and then you [TS]

00:49:27 ◼   ► could go to mirroring where I'll get [TS]

00:49:29 ◼   ► like two drives and everything is on [TS]

00:49:30 ◼   ► both drives so if one drive fails [TS]

00:49:32 ◼   ► obviously I've still got all my data [TS]

00:49:33 ◼   ► because it was completely copied alright [TS]

00:49:35 ◼   ► and there are other schemes where they [TS]

00:49:36 ◼   ► will spread the data across of a couple [TS]

00:49:39 ◼   ► of drives and use one other drive to [TS]

00:49:41 ◼   ► write something that's to derive from [TS]

00:49:42 ◼   ► all that [TS]

00:49:43 ◼   ► it is such that if you lose one of the [TS]

00:49:44 ◼   ► drives you can read arrived what must [TS]

00:49:47 ◼   ► have been on that drive from the exist [TS]

00:49:49 ◼   ► the existing set of drives it's there so [TS]

00:49:52 ◼   ► now all of a sudden you have a situation [TS]

00:49:54 ◼   ► where you you're spreading data across [TS]

00:49:56 ◼   ► multiple drives you don't completely [TS]

00:49:58 ◼   ► duplicate the drives like you don't need [TS]

00:50:00 ◼   ► to have double the number drives you had [TS]

00:50:01 ◼   ► to have before and if you lose one disk [TS]

00:50:03 ◼   ► you can rebuild what the contents of [TS]

00:50:04 ◼   ► that disk were as you notice none of [TS]

00:50:07 ◼   ► these things address in any way the data [TS]

00:50:11 ◼   ► integrity issue like they just assumed [TS]

00:50:13 ◼   ► the disks when you write the data to [TS]

00:50:15 ◼   ► this when you read it back later that [TS]

00:50:16 ◼   ► will be the did they they do have the [TS]

00:50:19 ◼   ► parity thing there but I'll get to that [TS]

00:50:21 ◼   ► in a second so I have a link in the show [TS]

00:50:23 ◼   ► notes to Jeff bond Wix blog Jeff bond [TS]

00:50:25 ◼   ► wick is the was the leader of the team [TS]

00:50:28 ◼   ► that developed ZFS at Sun what is this [TS]

00:50:31 ◼   ► thing he was a vice president son and [TS]

00:50:33 ◼   ► senior Software Architect as he led the [TS]

00:50:35 ◼   ► team that developed ZFS for Solaris so I [TS]

00:50:41 ◼   ► think what the title of his blog post [TS]

00:50:42 ◼   ► this but his thing he talks about why [TS]

00:50:45 ◼   ► why ZFS has this thing in as part of its [TS]

00:50:50 ◼   ► product where you can where you can put [TS]

00:50:53 ◼   ► data on more than one disk isn't that [TS]

00:50:54 ◼   ► the the domain of the of logical volume [TS]

00:50:57 ◼   ► and you're like isn't that a layer above [TS]

00:50:59 ◼   ► the filesystem the fastest and just be [TS]

00:51:00 ◼   ► concerned with what it does and it kind [TS]

00:51:02 ◼   ► of goes through like why they develop [TS]

00:51:04 ◼   ► this and why they're not just using rate [TS]

00:51:05 ◼   ► so he describes two flaws with one of [TS]

00:51:08 ◼   ► the popular raid schemes known as raid 5 [TS]

00:51:10 ◼   ► raid 5 is the one where you have [TS]

00:51:11 ◼   ► multiple disks then one disk it's a [TS]

00:51:12 ◼   ► parity disk and if you lose one of the [TS]

00:51:14 ◼   ► disks you can rebuild its contents [TS]

00:51:16 ◼   ► so the key flaw with raid the points out [TS]

00:51:23 ◼   ► the first one is something called the [TS]

00:51:24 ◼   ► raid 5 right hole and the basic idea is [TS]

00:51:28 ◼   ► that whenever you update the data enter [TS]

00:51:30 ◼   ► what's called a raid stripe which is the [TS]

00:51:31 ◼   ► the data it's spread across all discs [TS]

00:51:33 ◼   ► you also have to update that parry disk [TS]

00:51:34 ◼   ► and that makes sense the whole point is [TS]

00:51:35 ◼   ► its you know this is derived from those [TS]

00:51:37 ◼   ► other pieces hero 2 disks you have to [TS]

00:51:39 ◼   ► update them both at the same time and [TS]

00:51:42 ◼   ► the problem is there's no way to update [TS]

00:51:45 ◼   ► more than one disk atomically if you [TS]

00:51:47 ◼   ► update the first disk update the second [TS]

00:51:49 ◼   ► is a powerful well when you power comes [TS]

00:51:52 ◼   ► back on you're halfway done and that's [TS]

00:51:55 ◼   ► bad and it's now [TS]

00:51:56 ◼   ► atomically means it's either all done or [TS]

00:51:58 ◼   ► not done at all all right [TS]

00:52:01 ◼   ► and the second thing he talks about is a [TS]

00:52:04 ◼   ► partial stripe right which is when [TS]

00:52:06 ◼   ► you're updating some data but since raid [TS]

00:52:09 ◼   ► cuts everything into equal sized slices [TS]

00:52:11 ◼   ► maybe you're not updating a full one of [TS]

00:52:13 ◼   ► those slices well at the end of this you [TS]

00:52:16 ◼   ► can update the parity bit that you know [TS]

00:52:18 ◼   ► that's derived from all those other [TS]

00:52:19 ◼   ► pieces so you have to read all the old [TS]

00:52:22 ◼   ► data even though if you updated just one [TS]

00:52:24 ◼   ► little piece of it and that's a big [TS]

00:52:26 ◼   ► performance hit because if you're just [TS]

00:52:27 ◼   ► updating one little piece why do I have [TS]

00:52:29 ◼   ► to read all these all its neighbors [TS]

00:52:30 ◼   ► basically to recompute the the parity [TS]

00:52:33 ◼   ► bit so I can write the parity thing back [TS]

00:52:35 ◼   ► so this performance problem and a [TS]

00:52:37 ◼   ► possible data graph problem now raid [TS]

00:52:39 ◼   ► vendors solve these things by with [TS]

00:52:41 ◼   ► hardware solutions so they put NVRAM in [TS]

00:52:43 ◼   ► their storage things but I said I even [TS]

00:52:44 ◼   ► if you pull the plug nvram is it's [TS]

00:52:46 ◼   ► non-volatile Ram when you pull the plug [TS]

00:52:48 ◼   ► on it's still there and it would sort of [TS]

00:52:49 ◼   ► journal to the NVRAM and say that's the [TS]

00:52:52 ◼   ► wrong term but it would keep track of [TS]

00:52:54 ◼   ► what it was doing so that when you put [TS]

00:52:55 ◼   ► the power back on it would know uh [TS]

00:52:56 ◼   ► actually I was in the middle of [TS]

00:52:58 ◼   ► something and the data that I was about [TS]

00:52:59 ◼   ► to write to these three or four disks [TS]

00:53:00 ◼   ► I've still got it here so let me finish [TS]

00:53:03 ◼   ► that right and that works because they [TS]

00:53:04 ◼   ► had some place where you could store the [TS]

00:53:06 ◼   ► stuff that wasn't a disk but also didn't [TS]

00:53:09 ◼   ► disappear when you pulled the plug now [TS]

00:53:13 ◼   ► as you can imagine I the one of the few [TS]

00:53:15 ◼   ► early in my career actually dealt with [TS]

00:53:17 ◼   ► raid a little bit and we dealt with [TS]

00:53:19 ◼   ► storage vendors that sold you a raid [TS]

00:53:20 ◼   ► solution with this that NVRAM type of [TS]

00:53:23 ◼   ► thing and the one problem I can remember [TS]

00:53:26 ◼   ► ever having with that raid box that we [TS]

00:53:29 ◼   ► dealt with I don't remember the vendor [TS]

00:53:30 ◼   ► but might have been NetApp I don't [TS]

00:53:31 ◼   ► remember [TS]

00:53:31 ◼   ► was it the NVRAM went bad and so this [TS]

00:53:35 ◼   ► this thing is supposed to save us from [TS]

00:53:37 ◼   ► all these problems and stop working and [TS]

00:53:41 ◼   ► believe me that makes your storage go [TS]

00:53:43 ◼   ► crazy like what's going on it says the [TS]

00:53:45 ◼   ► data is corrupted the disk checks out [TS]

00:53:46 ◼   ► and I did that the nvram was bad our [TS]

00:53:48 ◼   ► section of the end of yarra that's the [TS]

00:53:49 ◼   ► solution was the yank out the card and [TS]

00:53:51 ◼   ► put in a new car with a new Ram but but [TS]

00:53:52 ◼   ► that point a bunch of data had been [TS]

00:53:53 ◼   ► corrupted all right so that's not a [TS]

00:53:55 ◼   ► great solution so what the ZFS guys did [TS]

00:53:59 ◼   ► was try to address each one of these [TS]

00:54:00 ◼   ► problems they tried to come up with a [TS]

00:54:02 ◼   ► file system that had a way of atomically [TS]

00:54:05 ◼   ► updating things so either all their [TS]

00:54:08 ◼   ► updates happen or none of them happen [TS]

00:54:10 ◼   ► and they're not the first to do is [TS]

00:54:12 ◼   ► NetApp speaking of them or run the run [TS]

00:54:13 ◼   ► of the first vendors to popularize this [TS]

00:54:15 ◼   ► type of thing where the problem with [TS]

00:54:17 ◼   ► being in the middle of doing something [TS]

00:54:18 ◼   ► and then getting interrupted and not [TS]

00:54:21 ◼   ► knowing where the heck you are the [TS]

00:54:22 ◼   ► solution the best solution is not to say [TS]

00:54:24 ◼   ► okay we'll always know we're where we [TS]

00:54:25 ◼   ► are [TS]

00:54:26 ◼   ► we'll just keep track of it in this [TS]

00:54:27 ◼   ► thing that even if you pull the power [TS]

00:54:29 ◼   ► out we'll always be okay like the nvram [TS]

00:54:31 ◼   ► or something like that so we'll always [TS]

00:54:32 ◼   ► know where we were we'll never will [TS]

00:54:33 ◼   ► never lose track uh and but that doesn't [TS]

00:54:37 ◼   ► work because you know look what if the [TS]

00:54:38 ◼   ► nvram is bad or what you know it's [TS]

00:54:41 ◼   ► you're not protecting yourself you're [TS]

00:54:42 ◼   ► just you just moving the problem to [TS]

00:54:43 ◼   ► another place because then for example [TS]

00:54:45 ◼   ► when you're writing to the NVRAM now do [TS]

00:54:47 ◼   ► you need a system there to make sure all [TS]

00:54:49 ◼   ► the updates to NVRAM are atomic and it [TS]

00:54:51 ◼   ► just you know you're just chasing your [TS]

00:54:52 ◼   ► tail at that point so the system that [TS]

00:54:55 ◼   ► NetApp and several other vendors used [TS]

00:54:58 ◼   ► and also ZFS use is don't update data in [TS]

00:55:01 ◼   ► place that means if you have a place [TS]

00:55:03 ◼   ► where some data is and it's changing to [TS]

00:55:04 ◼   ► something different don't overwrite the [TS]

00:55:06 ◼   ► existing thing with the new thing [TS]

00:55:07 ◼   ► because if you die in the middle that [TS]

00:55:09 ◼   ► what you got is half the old thing and [TS]

00:55:11 ◼   ► half in the new thing and that's bad [TS]

00:55:12 ◼   ► right even if you know what you were [TS]

00:55:14 ◼   ► doing then you gotta like hold geez do I [TS]

00:55:15 ◼   ► have either the old one somewhere in its [TS]

00:55:17 ◼   ► entirety or the new one somewhere it's [TS]

00:55:19 ◼   ► an entire in its entirety so the old one [TS]

00:55:21 ◼   ► somewhere it's an entirety you probably [TS]

00:55:23 ◼   ► don't have in the new one well maybe [TS]

00:55:25 ◼   ► that's an NVRAM but you know again [TS]

00:55:27 ◼   ► you're just moving the problem or app so [TS]

00:55:29 ◼   ► the probably the solution is don't [TS]

00:55:30 ◼   ► update data in place when you make a [TS]

00:55:32 ◼   ► change to some data do it by writing the [TS]

00:55:34 ◼   ► new data in a totally different place [TS]

00:55:36 ◼   ► then the only thing you have to do [TS]

00:55:39 ◼   ► atomically is say when you're all done [TS]

00:55:40 ◼   ► writing everything to this totally new [TS]

00:55:42 ◼   ► place that had nothing in it that was [TS]

00:55:43 ◼   ► totally clean flip one little thing that [TS]

00:55:45 ◼   ► says stop looking at the old place and [TS]

00:55:47 ◼   ► start looking at the new place and [TS]

00:55:49 ◼   ► that's much easier to manage that tiny [TS]

00:55:52 ◼   ► little flip because you know if if [TS]

00:55:55 ◼   ► you're pointing to the old location [TS]

00:55:56 ◼   ► everything is fine if you're putting the [TS]

00:55:57 ◼   ► new location everything is fine and the [TS]

00:56:00 ◼   ► only way you could be pointing in [TS]

00:56:01 ◼   ► between is to say like I halfway updated [TS]

00:56:03 ◼   ► the location of where things were [TS]

00:56:05 ◼   ► pointing so that the second solution to [TS]

00:56:07 ◼   ► that is uh since the FS has Jack [TS]

00:56:08 ◼   ► checksums everywhere is that it will [TS]

00:56:11 ◼   ► know when it says okay we're looking for [TS]

00:56:13 ◼   ► this thing and I'll say it looks at it [TS]

00:56:14 ◼   ► and says well this this checksum doesn't [TS]

00:56:17 ◼   ► match because the power when [TS]

00:56:18 ◼   ► and the checksum is the old checksum and [TS]

00:56:21 ◼   ► the data is half the old date and half [TS]

00:56:22 ◼   ► the new data so where where do I go [TS]

00:56:26 ◼   ► whereas I have no idea what to do all I [TS]

00:56:27 ◼   ► know is that this point of this data is [TS]