Hypercritical

00:00:00 ◼   ► you can't thread this thing through [TS]

00:00:01 ◼   ► until the needle comes down but you got [TS]

00:00:02 ◼   ► to make sure the needle is all the way [TS]

00:00:04 ◼   ► down before you grab it then you what [TS]

00:00:05 ◼   ► you have to start and stop a piece of [TS]

00:00:06 ◼   ► machinery from moving it's there is a [TS]

00:00:09 ◼   ► limit how fast a sewing machine can [TS]

00:00:11 ◼   ► operate this is hypercritical weekly [TS]

00:00:16 ◼   ► talk show ruminating on exactly what's [TS]

00:00:18 ◼   ► wrong we'll have apple related [TS]

00:00:20 ◼   ► technologies and businesses nothing is [TS]

00:00:21 ◼   ► so perfect that it can't be complained [TS]

00:00:24 ◼   ► about by my friend and yours John [TS]

00:00:25 ◼   ► siracusa I'm Dan Benjamin today is [TS]

00:00:28 ◼   ► Friday November 16 2012 this is episode [TS]

00:00:31 ◼   ► number 94 of our beloved hypercritical [TS]

00:00:33 ◼   ► show we would like to say thank you very [TS]

00:00:36 ◼   ► much to our sponsors today squarespace [TS]

00:00:38 ◼   ► com hover com and lynda.com who are [TS]

00:00:42 ◼   ► collaborating to make this show possible [TS]

00:00:43 ◼   ► we also want to thank mutual mobile [TS]

00:00:46 ◼   ► these guys are super passionate about [TS]

00:00:48 ◼   ► iOS as a platform they have a large [TS]

00:00:49 ◼   ► dedicated team all these guys do is [TS]

00:00:52 ◼   ► conceived deliver and support mobile [TS]

00:00:54 ◼   ► solutions for global brands and you know [TS]

00:00:55 ◼   ► what they want some help they want some [TS]

00:00:57 ◼   ► help they trust your engineers freedom [TS]

00:01:00 ◼   ► to make technical decisions by hiring [TS]

00:01:01 ◼   ► smart talented people to their team and [TS]

00:01:03 ◼   ► that's you they want you you need to [TS]

00:01:06 ◼   ► come in and once you do iOS work with [TS]

00:01:08 ◼   ► them they're a great company they [TS]

00:01:11 ◼   ► support the iOS community they do [TS]

00:01:13 ◼   ► meetups they do hackathons to do all the [TS]

00:01:15 ◼   ► cool stuff and just by going and looking [TS]

00:01:18 ◼   ► at this job you can support this show [TS]

00:01:20 ◼   ► careers dot mutual mobile com such [TS]

00:01:24 ◼   ► five-by-five go there to learn more and [TS]

00:01:25 ◼   ► of course we'd be irresponsible and [TS]

00:01:28 ◼   ► potentially liable if we did not mention [TS]

00:01:31 ◼   ► the bandwidth for November's brought to [TS]

00:01:32 ◼   ► you by mind node mind mapping app for [TS]

00:01:35 ◼   ► mac and iOS and brainstorm your project [TS]

00:01:37 ◼   ► you can organize your life you plan your [TS]

00:01:38 ◼   ► vacation don't matter they late collect [TS]

00:01:40 ◼   ► structure expand your ideas they have [TS]

00:01:42 ◼   ► icloud sharing keep your mind maps with [TS]

00:01:44 ◼   ► you very very cool app beloved mind node [TS]

00:01:47 ◼   ► dot-com how are you doing today John [TS]

00:01:51 ◼   ► siracusa I'm just fine you still the [TS]

00:01:54 ◼   ► same end time we got to be out of here [TS]

00:01:56 ◼   ► by noon well what time is our thing over [TS]

00:01:59 ◼   ► to Evernote 1145 and we need to prep for [TS]

00:02:02 ◼   ► it a little bit and I'd say fifteen [TS]

00:02:04 ◼   ► minutes to get over there yeah I mean if [TS]

00:02:05 ◼   ► we go if we go 15 minutes past it's fine [TS]

00:02:07 ◼   ► so 1215 all right well we gotta get [TS]

00:02:09 ◼   ► started then let's do it boom yeah we [TS]

00:02:13 ◼   ► got [TS]

00:02:14 ◼   ► one major topic of follow-up and then [TS]

00:02:15 ◼   ► one main topic for the show so maybe [TS]

00:02:18 ◼   ► we'll fit it in we'll see first let's [TS]

00:02:20 ◼   ► start with some little tiny follow-up [TS]

00:02:22 ◼   ► first one is from one canepa CA and the [TS]

00:02:28 ◼   ► EPA okay I did on that while back we [TS]

00:02:31 ◼   ► talked about the microsoft surface and [TS]

00:02:33 ◼   ► how much free space was available on it [TS]

00:02:35 ◼   ► right up because the OS and bail office [TS]

00:02:38 ◼   ► took up a lot of room yes and they don't [TS]

00:02:41 ◼   ► have a 16 gig model daily up 32 and the [TS]

00:02:44 ◼   ► last show I think I mentioned that one [TS]

00:02:46 ◼   ► of the big outs that you get with [TS]

00:02:47 ◼   ► Microsoft services that it's got or the [TS]

00:02:49 ◼   ► surface RT anyways you got a place to [TS]

00:02:51 ◼   ► plug in an SD card and SD cards are [TS]

00:02:53 ◼   ► cheap by third-party SD card shoved in [TS]

00:02:55 ◼   ► there by 64 gig SD card and suddenly [TS]

00:02:58 ◼   ► your surface has tons of space well one [TS]

00:03:00 ◼   ► writes in to tell me and the world that [TS]

00:03:04 ◼   ► that's all well and good but apparently [TS]

00:03:06 ◼   ► you can't install applications on the SD [TS]

00:03:09 ◼   ► card so you can put photos and videos [TS]

00:03:11 ◼   ► and things that are actually big but the [TS]

00:03:13 ◼   ► applications have to be on the main [TS]

00:03:14 ◼   ► system I don't think that's a big [TS]

00:03:16 ◼   ► limiting factor but it does explain how [TS]

00:03:18 ◼   ► they manage to deal with like what [TS]

00:03:20 ◼   ► happens if I yank up the SD card do a [TS]

00:03:21 ◼   ► bunch of my apps disappear well no [TS]

00:03:23 ◼   ► because you can't put any apps on uh-huh [TS]

00:03:25 ◼   ► so that's interesting compromise and i [TS]

00:03:28 ◼   ► believe is only applies to the RT when [TS]

00:03:30 ◼   ► the surface pro comes that I think you [TS]

00:03:31 ◼   ► will be able to put apps there but we'll [TS]

00:03:32 ◼   ► see alright another little tidbit from [TS]

00:03:37 ◼   ► Ali Hawkins last week he talked about [TS]

00:03:40 ◼   ► putting music behind ads you actually [TS]

00:03:44 ◼   ► talked about this on build and analyzed [TS]

00:03:45 ◼   ► to how you had put the music track [TS]

00:03:48 ◼   ► behind that ad read you did when Marco [TS]

00:03:50 ◼   ► had the ad on Howard Stern Show and I [TS]

00:03:52 ◼   ► asked you what the name of that thing [TS]

00:03:54 ◼   ► was called you didn't quite know a [TS]

00:03:55 ◼   ► couple people wrote in including Ali to [TS]

00:03:58 ◼   ► say that that's called a bed apparently [TS]

00:04:00 ◼   ► yeah I that's just something that I [TS]

00:04:04 ◼   ► should have been able to respond to I've [TS]

00:04:06 ◼   ► heard it referred to as a couple [TS]

00:04:07 ◼   ► different things bed is the correct term [TS]

00:04:09 ◼   ► music bed if you want to get specific [TS]

00:04:11 ◼   ► about it there you go but there you go [TS]

00:04:15 ◼   ► now the world knows all right now on to [TS]

00:04:18 ◼   ► the main topic of follow-up which [TS]

00:04:19 ◼   ► believe it or not actually shouldn't be [TS]

00:04:21 ◼   ► surprising as one of the small things we [TS]

00:04:23 ◼   ► talked about last week was a voting [TS]

00:04:25 ◼   ► technology [TS]

00:04:27 ◼   ► this is not a political show John that's [TS]

00:04:30 ◼   ► right I was happy to see that we didn't [TS]

00:04:32 ◼   ► get any feedback as far as I saw from [TS]

00:04:35 ◼   ► people who are angry about politics [TS]

00:04:37 ◼   ► because we didn't talk about politics we [TS]

00:04:40 ◼   ► just talked about voting technology but [TS]

00:04:42 ◼   ► there were lots of people who are not [TS]

00:04:43 ◼   ► angry but engaged on the topic of voting [TS]

00:04:49 ◼   ► technology I'm going to read a couple of [TS]

00:04:52 ◼   ► snippets of feedback here and you tell [TS]

00:04:54 ◼   ► me if you would notice a theme mostly [TS]

00:04:56 ◼   ► because I cherry picked these and it [TS]

00:04:57 ◼   ► makes it look like this a theme but now [TS]

00:04:59 ◼   ► this really was the theme of a lot of [TS]

00:05:01 ◼   ► feedback to the first is from andreas [TS]

00:05:03 ◼   ► hartl he says paper-based method without [TS]

00:05:07 ◼   ► anything more high-tech than a ballpoint [TS]

00:05:08 ◼   ► pen does work vote counting can be [TS]

00:05:10 ◼   ► verified by anybody without [TS]

00:05:11 ◼   ► sophisticated technical or mathematical [TS]

00:05:13 ◼   ► skills it's only downside is that you [TS]

00:05:15 ◼   ► have to wait a little bit longer for the [TS]

00:05:16 ◼   ► result and he gave me a link to the 25th [TS]

00:05:19 ◼   ► chaos communication congress website [TS]

00:05:22 ◼   ► where they had a paper and a [TS]

00:05:24 ◼   ► presentation on a voting technology i [TS]

00:05:26 ◼   ► put them both in the show notes so you [TS]

00:05:27 ◼   ► can read the paper and also watch the [TS]

00:05:29 ◼   ► video which is kind of long and boring [TS]

00:05:31 ◼   ► but it's all there and the the paper is [TS]

00:05:34 ◼   ► avoiding after any da p which is a [TS]

00:05:38 ◼   ► german voting system and digital pin [TS]

00:05:40 ◼   ► which is another kind of electronic [TS]

00:05:42 ◼   ► voting and subtitle is why cryptography [TS]

00:05:44 ◼   ► might not fix the issue of transparent [TS]

00:05:46 ◼   ► elections and is a little bit from the [TS]

00:05:47 ◼   ► abstract these methods introduce a level [TS]

00:05:50 ◼   ► of complexity into elections which [TS]

00:05:52 ◼   ► prevents most voters from understanding [TS]

00:05:53 ◼   ► the election process and its [TS]

00:05:54 ◼   ► verification where elections are [TS]

00:05:57 ◼   ► currently controlled by the people trust [TS]

00:05:58 ◼   ► in the ability of experts is required [TS]

00:06:00 ◼   ► when cryptographic methods are [TS]

00:06:02 ◼   ► introduced the next bit of feedback is [TS]

00:06:05 ◼   ► from Leonard if I'm pronouncing isn't [TS]

00:06:07 ◼   ► incorrectly because it's felt a little [TS]

00:06:09 ◼   ► bit differently there's one thing that [TS]

00:06:11 ◼   ► paper voting system has going for that [TS]

00:06:13 ◼   ► no computer system will ever get it's [TS]

00:06:15 ◼   ► entirely comprehensible observable and [TS]

00:06:17 ◼   ► provable by the simplest educated [TS]

00:06:19 ◼   ► persons this is essential for trust in [TS]

00:06:21 ◼   ► the voting process what are you saying [TS]

00:06:23 ◼   ► is that that anybody with just the basic [TS]

00:06:25 ◼   ► understanding of making a mark on a [TS]

00:06:28 ◼   ► paper in a certain place can verify this [TS]

00:06:31 ◼   ► right versus the electronic and [TS]

00:06:33 ◼   ► cryptographic ones require master's [TS]

00:06:35 ◼   ► level computer science degree of you'll [TS]

00:06:37 ◼   ► figure it out all right he says contrast [TS]

00:06:38 ◼   ► this to making a cross in a circle [TS]

00:06:39 ◼   ► putting it in a box and they [TS]

00:06:41 ◼   ► counting the votes and two piles it's so [TS]

00:06:42 ◼   ► simple that even a six-year-old can get [TS]

00:06:44 ◼   ► it a six-year-old could observe me doing [TS]

00:06:45 ◼   ► it and testified cheatham a six-year-old [TS]

00:06:47 ◼   ► can verify my result he does not need to [TS]

00:06:49 ◼   ► trust me and he said any computer system [TS]

00:06:53 ◼   ► has the problem that is basically magic [TS]

00:06:55 ◼   ► to normal people he also says they have [TS]

00:06:58 ◼   ► a word in German about this but I'm not [TS]

00:06:59 ◼   ► going to try to pronounce it I'll come [TS]

00:07:00 ◼   ► on no come on out but apparently is it [TS]

00:07:04 ◼   ► means roughly that a ruling group has [TS]

00:07:07 ◼   ► now it has a knowledge advantage that [TS]

00:07:08 ◼   ► they could use to control the uneducated [TS]

00:07:10 ◼   ► let's see next one from john berg mayor [TS]

00:07:15 ◼   ► any system needs to be capable of paper [TS]

00:07:18 ◼   ► recounts a lot of the theoretically very [TS]

00:07:21 ◼   ► secure systems you mentioned doing do [TS]

00:07:22 ◼   ► you have audible papal trails but the [TS]

00:07:24 ◼   ► point is this but this point is so [TS]

00:07:26 ◼   ► amazingly important that many of the [TS]

00:07:27 ◼   ► tech nerds talk about voting misted it [TS]

00:07:28 ◼   ► needs to be possible to conduct a [TS]

00:07:30 ◼   ► complete hand recount without any [TS]

00:07:32 ◼   ► computers without electricity even that [TS]

00:07:34 ◼   ► no system ever to the end of time no [TS]

00:07:36 ◼   ► matter what technology is ever invented [TS]

00:07:38 ◼   ► that does not have the capability the [TS]

00:07:40 ◼   ► capability doing a recount that can be [TS]

00:07:41 ◼   ► conducted by candlelight without [TS]

00:07:43 ◼   ► computers is a suitable choice next one [TS]

00:07:48 ◼   ► is from Mike Musel I talks about what [TS]

00:07:51 ◼   ► they have in Germany is that in Germany [TS]

00:07:52 ◼   ► in 2009 our highest court ruled that [TS]

00:07:54 ◼   ► voting computers we had up until then [TS]

00:07:55 ◼   ► did violate the principles of our [TS]

00:07:57 ◼   ► constitutions elections have certain [TS]

00:08:00 ◼   ► requirements that must be fulfilled in [TS]

00:08:01 ◼   ► order to be called democratic the [TS]

00:08:02 ◼   ► manganese is the need for the election [TS]

00:08:04 ◼   ► to be transparent to the voters and [TS]

00:08:05 ◼   ► verifiable with our good old crosses on [TS]

00:08:08 ◼   ► paper ballots even a ninety-year-old [TS]

00:08:09 ◼   ► non-tech lady can stay at the polling [TS]

00:08:11 ◼   ► station after the election is closed [TS]

00:08:12 ◼   ► watch the ballots to be correctly [TS]

00:08:14 ◼   ► counted and note the sum of the votes [TS]

00:08:16 ◼   ► for each party even if you had a [TS]

00:08:18 ◼   ► cryptographically totally secure [TS]

00:08:20 ◼   ► voting's computer setup how could that [TS]

00:08:21 ◼   ► nine-year-old non-tech lady know that [TS]

00:08:23 ◼   ► everything is correct she can't she [TS]

00:08:24 ◼   ► would have to trust the tech people how [TS]

00:08:26 ◼   ► can she know that those people one [TS]

00:08:27 ◼   ► hundred percent trustworthy and [TS]

00:08:28 ◼   ► competent again she can't there's no way [TS]

00:08:30 ◼   ► let's see if there's anything more on [TS]

00:08:35 ◼   ► this one I just about up anyone can go [TS]

00:08:38 ◼   ► and count the votes she has a good point [TS]

00:08:42 ◼   ► about smartphone voting remotely or [TS]

00:08:45 ◼   ► whatever it says even for technically [TS]

00:08:46 ◼   ► feasible it would pose a risk that for [TS]

00:08:48 ◼   ► example husband trusts the control house [TS]

00:08:49 ◼   ► wife boat pilot the security print [TS]

00:08:52 ◼   ► principal Democrat elections [TS]

00:08:53 ◼   ► if you're not doing it in a controlled [TS]

00:08:55 ◼   ► pulling place anonymously people who try [TS]

00:08:58 ◼   ► to control across your boat so we did [TS]

00:08:59 ◼   ► remote voting Omri our Beave rights in [TS]

00:09:05 ◼   ► with a link to NPR on the media podcast [TS]

00:09:10 ◼   ► segment about online voting and it's a [TS]

00:09:14 ◼   ► short segment like five minutes long and [TS]

00:09:15 ◼   ► it's about how is the country of Estonia [TS]

00:09:17 ◼   ► has been has been doing online voting [TS]

00:09:20 ◼   ► since 2005 they have government issued [TS]

00:09:22 ◼   ► identification cards with the password [TS]

00:09:23 ◼   ► and that's the only real security [TS]

00:09:25 ◼   ► measure taken when they just basically [TS]

00:09:26 ◼   ► you know over the internet do their [TS]

00:09:27 ◼   ► votes so you want to hear how that's [TS]

00:09:30 ◼   ► working out in a country that's actually [TS]

00:09:31 ◼   ► doing it and the pros and cons of that [TS]

00:09:33 ◼   ► approach take a look at that also in the [TS]

00:09:37 ◼   ► show notes so show notes five by five [TS]

00:09:39 ◼   ► dot TV such hypercritical / 94 yes many [TS]

00:09:43 ◼   ► many links we've already just burned [TS]

00:09:44 ◼   ► through in this quick follow-up so the [TS]

00:09:46 ◼   ► theme here as you can see is the idea [TS]

00:09:47 ◼   ► that you need to have a you need to have [TS]

00:09:51 ◼   ► a way to both understand like you know [TS]

00:09:55 ◼   ► non-technical birth needs to be able to [TS]

00:09:57 ◼   ► understand what's going on the voting [TS]

00:09:58 ◼   ► system and also the boring system still [TS]

00:10:01 ◼   ► needs to work ah by candlelight with no [TS]

00:10:04 ◼   ► electricity hmm now the first thing imma [TS]

00:10:07 ◼   ► say on this topic is that a secure you [TS]

00:10:10 ◼   ► know and inaudible electronic voting [TS]

00:10:12 ◼   ► system doesn't preclude any of these [TS]

00:10:14 ◼   ► things in fact some of these systems [TS]

00:10:16 ◼   ► that were linked in that in the past [TS]

00:10:17 ◼   ► shows show notes showed that yes the you [TS]

00:10:20 ◼   ► know just because you use cryptography [TS]

00:10:21 ◼   ► and electronic things to make the thing [TS]

00:10:24 ◼   ► auditable and secure and all that stuff [TS]

00:10:26 ◼   ► doesn't mean that you don't also have [TS]

00:10:28 ◼   ► okay so say the power was out no one has [TS]

00:10:30 ◼   ► any computers because it's like the [TS]

00:10:31 ◼   ► terrible premise of the show revolution [TS]

00:10:33 ◼   ► you still end up with a bunch of paper [TS]

00:10:36 ◼   ► artifacts that you could then hand count [TS]

00:10:38 ◼   ► manually right so it's not you know [TS]

00:10:42 ◼   ► various voting systems passed or failed [TS]

00:10:44 ◼   ► this thing but there's nothing inherent [TS]

00:10:45 ◼   ► about electronic voting or [TS]

00:10:46 ◼   ► cryptographically secure voting that [TS]

00:10:48 ◼   ► doesn't say also you have you know it [TS]

00:10:50 ◼   ► doesn't preclude you having this [TS]

00:10:51 ◼   ► auditable paper trail right ah so most [TS]

00:10:56 ◼   ► of these feedback you know acknowledge [TS]

00:10:58 ◼   ► that but the other thing is to said you [TS]

00:10:59 ◼   ► know all right so you can make it secure [TS]

00:11:00 ◼   ► an electronic or whatever better you [TS]

00:11:01 ◼   ► also have to sort of degrade gracefully [TS]

00:11:02 ◼   ► there has to be a paper trail an [TS]

00:11:05 ◼   ► artifact in the ability to do a Henry [TS]

00:11:07 ◼   ► count but that aside I don't think any [TS]

00:11:10 ◼   ► of these requirements you know eliminate [TS]

00:11:12 ◼   ► electronic voting another thing in [TS]

00:11:13 ◼   ► Germany Bailey had to eliminate the [TS]

00:11:14 ◼   ► cruddy electronic voting machines they [TS]

00:11:15 ◼   ► had and by the way several people from [TS]

00:11:17 ◼   ► different countries wrote in to say that [TS]

00:11:18 ◼   ► they have similar problems the US where [TS]

00:11:20 ◼   ► when electronic voting machines were [TS]

00:11:21 ◼   ► rolled out they were worse in all [TS]

00:11:23 ◼   ► possible ways than the things that they [TS]

00:11:25 ◼   ► were replacing we have the same problem [TS]

00:11:26 ◼   ► the United States pointed last showbiz [TS]

00:11:28 ◼   ► that that doesn't need to be the case [TS]

00:11:29 ◼   ► that we have the smarts to make this [TS]

00:11:30 ◼   ► better but it is important to recognize [TS]

00:11:32 ◼   ► it just making electronic usually seems [TS]

00:11:34 ◼   ► to go terribly wrong because of just you [TS]

00:11:36 ◼   ► know corruption and competence and all [TS]

00:11:38 ◼   ► the usual things that happen in [TS]

00:11:40 ◼   ► government but I want to think about [TS]

00:11:43 ◼   ► this idea that the the election both [TS]

00:11:49 ◼   ► these idea is that that an election [TS]

00:11:51 ◼   ► system needs to work by candlelight and [TS]

00:11:53 ◼   ► the people need to understand so first [TS]

00:11:57 ◼   ► the candlelight one people I understand [TS]

00:12:00 ◼   ► people fearing comforted by the idea [TS]

00:12:03 ◼   ► that if a giant EMP goes often destroys [TS]

00:12:06 ◼   ► all electricity producing things or [TS]

00:12:08 ◼   ► whatever crazy scenario you want to come [TS]

00:12:09 ◼   ► out with that we can you know you a [TS]

00:12:12 ◼   ► bunch of old ladies could do the recount [TS]

00:12:14 ◼   ► like you don't need to understand [TS]

00:12:15 ◼   ► anything you just need to look at pieces [TS]

00:12:17 ◼   ► of paper and put them into piles and [TS]

00:12:18 ◼   ► then count the things in the pile and [TS]

00:12:20 ◼   ► you have 20 different people do this [TS]

00:12:21 ◼   ► it's completely comprehensible the [TS]

00:12:24 ◼   ► comfort of that is obvious like you [TS]

00:12:27 ◼   ► don't like something that you don't [TS]

00:12:29 ◼   ► understand but the comfort of that I [TS]

00:12:32 ◼   ► think is mostly theoretical because [TS]

00:12:35 ◼   ► there's no way that any single person is [TS]

00:12:38 ◼   ► going to be able to hand count all the [TS]

00:12:40 ◼   ► votes for any country or a significant [TS]

00:12:42 ◼   ► size all right a group of people can [TS]

00:12:44 ◼   ► hand count them in a distributed manner [TS]

00:12:46 ◼   ► and then they add up their sums and you [TS]

00:12:48 ◼   ► have people repeated or whatever but in [TS]

00:12:49 ◼   ► general it you know you can never have [TS]

00:12:53 ◼   ► every single person in the country get [TS]

00:12:55 ◼   ► their hands on all the paper ballots [TS]

00:12:56 ◼   ► like say you took all the paper ballots [TS]

00:12:58 ◼   ► and the country the size of the US and [TS]

00:12:59 ◼   ► each person the entire country got a [TS]

00:13:01 ◼   ► chance to hand count them to verify for [TS]

00:13:02 ◼   ► themselves well that's just obviously [TS]

00:13:03 ◼   ► not going to work right so in all cases [TS]

00:13:06 ◼   ► you're trusting that some group of [TS]

00:13:08 ◼   ► people that is not you is trustworthy in [TS]

00:13:10 ◼   ► some way or at least it there that their [TS]

00:13:12 ◼   ► biases are counter to each other and [TS]

00:13:14 ◼   ► balance each other out or whatever [TS]

00:13:15 ◼   ► but people like to just think that you [TS]

00:13:18 ◼   ► know okay well I'm not going to hang out [TS]

00:13:20 ◼   ► the ballots and no 10 is going to Hank [TS]

00:13:22 ◼   ► out the balance but I do though that 17 [TS]

00:13:24 ◼   ► people hand counted the ballots and half [TS]

00:13:26 ◼   ► of them were for party a and half of [TS]

00:13:28 ◼   ► them from a party B and if they keep [TS]

00:13:30 ◼   ► coming up with the same numbers i trust [TS]

00:13:33 ◼   ► those number right I don't quite see the [TS]

00:13:37 ◼   ► connection between that distributed [TS]

00:13:39 ◼   ► trust where you didn't do it your friend [TS]

00:13:41 ◼   ► didn't do it but eventually there's some [TS]

00:13:42 ◼   ► group of people who actually had [TS]

00:13:43 ◼   ► encountered the things and anyone can [TS]

00:13:44 ◼   ► volunteer to count them liking all [TS]

00:13:45 ◼   ► countries like Jeremy and stuff anyone [TS]

00:13:46 ◼   ► can go down there and count them and [TS]

00:13:47 ◼   ► satisfy themselves but everybody can't [TS]

00:13:49 ◼   ► go down account so there is some remote [TS]

00:13:51 ◼   ► trust and the idea that okay but I [TS]

00:13:55 ◼   ► understand what they're doing they're [TS]

00:13:56 ◼   ► just looking at pieces of paper and [TS]

00:13:58 ◼   ► counting them sorting them into piles I [TS]

00:13:59 ◼   ► understand that process I don't think [TS]

00:14:02 ◼   ► those things are as connected as people [TS]

00:14:04 ◼   ► seem to think they are ah that because [TS]

00:14:08 ◼   ► you understand the system therefore this [TS]

00:14:10 ◼   ► indirect trust is more trustworthy right [TS]

00:14:14 ◼   ► because indirect trust for set work for [TS]

00:14:17 ◼   ► when you're saying I don't you know [TS]

00:14:19 ◼   ► these mathematicians assure me that it's [TS]

00:14:20 ◼   ► correct but I don't know these [TS]

00:14:21 ◼   ► mathematicians right that indirect dress [TS]

00:14:23 ◼   ► is no good but the indirect trust of [TS]

00:14:25 ◼   ► seven people away from you a bunch of [TS]

00:14:27 ◼   ► people counted a piece of paper that's [TS]

00:14:28 ◼   ► better because you're like okay not only [TS]

00:14:29 ◼   ► am I trusting these people who are not [TS]

00:14:32 ◼   ► me but I understand what they're doing [TS]

00:14:34 ◼   ► therefore I feel like I'm less likely to [TS]

00:14:35 ◼   ► be cheated my argument would be that [TS]

00:14:38 ◼   ► it's much easier to like if those people [TS]

00:14:42 ◼   ► were cheating or there was some sort of [TS]

00:14:43 ◼   ► organized cheating conspiracy there [TS]

00:14:45 ◼   ► there is nothing that anyone else can do [TS]

00:14:48 ◼   ► to verify that they're not cheating [TS]

00:14:51 ◼   ► except for count them themselves whereas [TS]

00:14:53 ◼   ► and this is I think you know this is may [TS]

00:14:54 ◼   ► come back to people not understanding [TS]

00:14:55 ◼   ► the the mathematical details of [TS]

00:14:58 ◼   ► cryptography and stuff like that or I [TS]

00:14:59 ◼   ► mean I don't understand the mathematical [TS]

00:15:00 ◼   ► details but just like the consequences [TS]

00:15:01 ◼   ► of it if you can imagine a system where [TS]

00:15:06 ◼   ► uh you add up a bunch of numbers and you [TS]

00:15:10 ◼   ► come up with a total like 12 or 13 right [TS]

00:15:12 ◼   ► and what you want to know is did my vote [TS]

00:15:15 ◼   ► contribute to that number 12 it seems [TS]

00:15:17 ◼   ► impossible because you just thought up [TS]

00:15:18 ◼   ► with the number 12 you have no idea if [TS]

00:15:20 ◼   ► your vote was part of that 12 right how [TS]

00:15:22 ◼   ► can how can you ever know that you know [TS]

00:15:24 ◼   ► it was just 12 was made up of a bunch of [TS]

00:15:26 ◼   ► votes maybe one of those was yours maybe [TS]

00:15:27 ◼   ► it wasn't maybe your [TS]

00:15:28 ◼   ► was counted maybe it wasn't you just [TS]

00:15:30 ◼   ► know number 12 will imagine the system [TS]

00:15:31 ◼   ► where you could come up with a total [TS]

00:15:33 ◼   ► number of votes and you could be [TS]

00:15:36 ◼   ► mathematically assured that your vote [TS]

00:15:38 ◼   ► contributed to that total this is the [TS]

00:15:41 ◼   ► getting into the magic thing it's like [TS]

00:15:42 ◼   ► what do you mean that makes no sense you [TS]

00:15:43 ◼   ► can't tell if your number contribute at [TS]

00:15:44 ◼   ► all that's impossible well there are [TS]

00:15:46 ◼   ► things that you can do mathematically to [TS]

00:15:49 ◼   ► make that so that you can confirm that [TS]

00:15:51 ◼   ► your vote really did contribute to the [TS]

00:15:53 ◼   ► total and that if your vote wasn't [TS]

00:15:55 ◼   ► counted towards a total in the correct [TS]

00:15:57 ◼   ► manner the total would not validate in a [TS]

00:15:59 ◼   ► particular way uh this is going to help [TS]

00:16:01 ◼   ► anybody because this is even more [TS]

00:16:02 ◼   ► complicated but if you ever go read up [TS]

00:16:03 ◼   ► on Bitcoin which is this distributed [TS]

00:16:06 ◼   ► fiat currency / scam / whatever you know [TS]

00:16:11 ◼   ► you know I don't know how you want to [TS]

00:16:13 ◼   ► talk about wait why are you calling a [TS]

00:16:14 ◼   ► scam that's not a scam but like it's [TS]

00:16:16 ◼   ► it's an economic thing where it's kind [TS]

00:16:20 ◼   ► of like gambling but not really but the [TS]

00:16:24 ◼   ► currency and the imaginary nature of [TS]

00:16:26 ◼   ► money is a topic that's beyond the scope [TS]

00:16:28 ◼   ► of this podcast we're talking right now [TS]

00:16:30 ◼   ► but the one thing Bitcoin does have [TS]

00:16:32 ◼   ► going for it is that it has the system [TS]

00:16:33 ◼   ► whereby everybody who's part of the [TS]

00:16:36 ◼   ► Bitcoin system can tell whether a [TS]

00:16:39 ◼   ► transaction is valid or not like you [TS]

00:16:42 ◼   ► can't sneak in an invalid transaction [TS]

00:16:45 ◼   ► that you know puts more money into one [TS]

00:16:47 ◼   ► account that it took then it took out of [TS]

00:16:48 ◼   ► the other or whatever because this is [TS]

00:16:50 ◼   ► consensus type of algorithm and those [TS]

00:16:52 ◼   ► things will be invalidated and it's [TS]

00:16:53 ◼   ► basically possible to tell whether the [TS]

00:16:56 ◼   ► money that you put it in correctly [TS]

00:16:58 ◼   ► transferred to over there ah [TS]

00:16:59 ◼   ► mathematically and so that's that you [TS]

00:17:01 ◼   ► know that ignores all the whether it's a [TS]

00:17:03 ◼   ► good idea to get into Bitcoin and then [TS]

00:17:04 ◼   ► how much it's valued and stuff like that [TS]

00:17:06 ◼   ► just simply the foundation of being able [TS]

00:17:08 ◼   ► to tell that these inputs produce this [TS]

00:17:11 ◼   ► output in this particular way and that [TS]

00:17:13 ◼   ► everybody in the system has to agree on [TS]

00:17:14 ◼   ► it for the system to move forward agree [TS]

00:17:17 ◼   ► sounds like it's something anyway it's [TS]

00:17:18 ◼   ► it's basically a much more complicated [TS]

00:17:22 ◼   ► version of the thing that I was saying [TS]

00:17:23 ◼   ► where if you have a total number you [TS]

00:17:25 ◼   ► want to know that your vote counted [TS]

00:17:26 ◼   ► towards it and that's something you can [TS]

00:17:28 ◼   ► do with math there's always going to be [TS]

00:17:30 ◼   ► a secret somewhere of some secret key or [TS]

00:17:31 ◼   ► some other things being corrupted or [TS]

00:17:33 ◼   ► stolen but trusting that there's a [TS]

00:17:37 ◼   ► mathematical foundation to proving [TS]

00:17:39 ◼   ► whether something happened or not [TS]

00:17:41 ◼   ► I i think is better than trusting that [TS]

00:17:44 ◼   ► people you don't know and never going to [TS]

00:17:46 ◼   ► meet have hand counted these things [TS]

00:17:47 ◼   ► simply because you think they're you [TS]

00:17:49 ◼   ► know balancing each other off and if [TS]

00:17:50 ◼   ► they were cheating they would catch each [TS]

00:17:51 ◼   ► other whatever like there's nothing [TS]

00:17:52 ◼   ► there's nothing to hang your hat on [TS]

00:17:54 ◼   ► mathematically that you can use to to [TS]

00:17:57 ◼   ► prove that those guys did the right [TS]

00:17:58 ◼   ► thing you basically just have to trust [TS]

00:17:59 ◼   ► them whereas if you have a [TS]

00:18:00 ◼   ► cryptographically secure assistant [TS]

00:18:02 ◼   ► whether you understand it or not uh [TS]

00:18:03 ◼   ► there should be enough smart people in [TS]

00:18:06 ◼   ► the world assuring you on both sides of [TS]

00:18:09 ◼   ► the coin that like look if you do this [TS]

00:18:10 ◼   ► you'll be able to tell whether your vote [TS]

00:18:11 ◼   ► was counted and I do get the wrong ansel [TS]

00:18:13 ◼   ► your note you know your vote wasn't [TS]

00:18:14 ◼   ► counted and the things required cheat on [TS]

00:18:16 ◼   ► this you know would be you know that [TS]

00:18:20 ◼   ► they can lay out the exact parameters [TS]

00:18:21 ◼   ► there's no there's no spy craft you [TS]

00:18:24 ◼   ► could do to corrupt the system in a way [TS]

00:18:27 ◼   ► that wouldn't be detectable except for [TS]

00:18:29 ◼   ► you know stealing secret keys or [TS]

00:18:31 ◼   ► something uh now just because I I I have [TS]

00:18:36 ◼   ► more trust in mathematics combined with [TS]

00:18:39 ◼   ► this remote trucks than people doing the [TS]

00:18:40 ◼   ► other things like they'd rather have the [TS]

00:18:41 ◼   ► comfort doesn't mean that this is that [TS]

00:18:42 ◼   ► these people all don't have points that [TS]

00:18:44 ◼   ► this is all well and good and you can [TS]

00:18:46 ◼   ► try to like and put it on a blackboard [TS]

00:18:49 ◼   ► and explain to people how it works and [TS]

00:18:50 ◼   ► stuff but the bottom line is if they [TS]

00:18:51 ◼   ► don't trust it it's not good because you [TS]

00:18:53 ◼   ► know you want a system that everybody [TS]

00:18:55 ◼   ► trusts whether people trust it is not [TS]

00:18:58 ◼   ► necessarily connected to whether it is [TS]

00:18:59 ◼   ► more or less trustworthy so I think [TS]

00:19:02 ◼   ► their their point on it being able to be [TS]

00:19:05 ◼   ► counted by candle light stands not so [TS]

00:19:08 ◼   ► much on the merits of the technology but [TS]

00:19:11 ◼   ► on the fact that most of the world [TS]

00:19:12 ◼   ► probably agrees with them and in the end [TS]

00:19:14 ◼   ► this is a system that everyone has to [TS]

00:19:16 ◼   ► agree is fair for things to work well so [TS]

00:19:18 ◼   ► if that's if that is unchangeable and [TS]

00:19:21 ◼   ► you cannot convince the world that [TS]

00:19:23 ◼   ► you're secure voting system actually is [TS]

00:19:25 ◼   ► secure and you cannot convince them that [TS]

00:19:27 ◼   ► you can show them how to secure it and [TS]

00:19:28 ◼   ► that it's more secure than other [TS]

00:19:30 ◼   ► alternatives it doesn't matter if it's [TS]

00:19:31 ◼   ► really more secure not all it matters is [TS]

00:19:33 ◼   ► what they think of course that's the [TS]

00:19:36 ◼   ► ultimate election hack the fact that it [TS]

00:19:39 ◼   ► doesn't really matter what actually [TS]

00:19:40 ◼   ► happens in the election all that matters [TS]

00:19:41 ◼   ► is that everyone involved or almost [TS]

00:19:43 ◼   ► everyone involved agrees that it was [TS]

00:19:45 ◼   ► fair whether it was really fair not [TS]

00:19:47 ◼   ► almost immaterial if you were the best [TS]

00:19:49 ◼   ► way to cheat an election is to do it in [TS]

00:19:51 ◼   ► such a way that everyone agrees that the [TS]

00:19:52 ◼   ► result is fair [TS]

00:19:54 ◼   ► so that's kind of depressing but but [TS]

00:19:57 ◼   ► anyway I think their point stands like I [TS]

00:20:00 ◼   ► said I think any decent [TS]

00:20:02 ◼   ► cryptographically secure voting system [TS]

00:20:03 ◼   ► will also and must also include a paper [TS]

00:20:06 ◼   ► trail and all the things that to be able [TS]

00:20:08 ◼   ► to be hand countered and if the security [TS]

00:20:10 ◼   ► is just extra on top of it oh and I also [TS]

00:20:12 ◼   ► want to get back to one of the piece in [TS]

00:20:13 ◼   ► the feedback of like the only thing you [TS]

00:20:14 ◼   ► get from an electronic auditable roading [TS]

00:20:16 ◼   ► record is that it's uh it's faster [TS]

00:20:20 ◼   ► depart to tabulate the results that is [TS]

00:20:22 ◼   ► not one of the goals of these systems or [TS]

00:20:23 ◼   ► shouldn't be ready shortly speed it [TS]

00:20:25 ◼   ► should be accuracy or not just accuracy [TS]

00:20:27 ◼   ► but like it's an extra level [TS]

00:20:29 ◼   ► verification like you've got all the [TS]

00:20:30 ◼   ► same old verification with pieces of [TS]

00:20:32 ◼   ► paper and people can hand recount them [TS]

00:20:33 ◼   ► do a lot stuff but also this is extra [TS]

00:20:35 ◼   ► layer of security on top of that that [TS]

00:20:38 ◼   ► gives you that you didn't have before [TS]

00:20:40 ◼   ► like for example before you didn't have [TS]

00:20:41 ◼   ► the ability to like go to a website and [TS]

00:20:44 ◼   ► enter in some secret code that you got [TS]

00:20:46 ◼   ► in your little paper receipt and find [TS]

00:20:48 ◼   ► out whether your vote was counted or not [TS]

00:20:50 ◼   ► you may not understand that you may [TS]

00:20:52 ◼   ► think it's all a lie and it's totally [TS]

00:20:53 ◼   ► fabricated and not given you know any [TS]

00:20:56 ◼   ► credence whatsoever that's fine because [TS]

00:20:59 ◼   ► it's just on top of the existing thing [TS]

00:21:02 ◼   ► that you do trust but in general I think [TS]

00:21:04 ◼   ► you know that that's the case where your [TS]

00:21:06 ◼   ► your disbelief the sort of Luddite [TS]

00:21:09 ◼   ► disbelief that electronic scan cannot [TS]

00:21:10 ◼   ► possibly add in the extra security [TS]

00:21:12 ◼   ► doesn't mean that it doesn't actually [TS]

00:21:14 ◼   ► add extra security and make it more [TS]

00:21:15 ◼   ► difficult to to corrupt and stuff like [TS]

00:21:17 ◼   ► that so I think that's like a bonus type [TS]

00:21:19 ◼   ► system yeah I think I basically combine [TS]

00:21:24 ◼   ► the two whether whether you know people [TS]

00:21:26 ◼   ► understanding it and having the paper [TS]

00:21:27 ◼   ► trail or two separate things for one [TS]

00:21:29 ◼   ► they kind of meld into each other uh [TS]

00:21:30 ◼   ► yeah III don't want to call people [TS]

00:21:36 ◼   ► luddites because they don't trust [TS]

00:21:37 ◼   ► electronic voting because if you look at [TS]

00:21:38 ◼   ► the history of electronic voting you [TS]

00:21:40 ◼   ► know like everyone who wrote in [TS]

00:21:42 ◼   ► including you know everything's happened [TS]

00:21:43 ◼   ► in the US we've just done it so terribly [TS]

00:21:45 ◼   ► that how could it not have a bad [TS]

00:21:47 ◼   ► reputation I mean it's got a deserve a [TS]

00:21:49 ◼   ► terrible reputation and especially [TS]

00:21:51 ◼   ► people who don't understand it all they [TS]

00:21:52 ◼   ► know is every time someone tries to [TS]

00:21:54 ◼   ► introduce electronic voting it ends up [TS]

00:21:57 ◼   ► being a giant disaster therefore we [TS]

00:21:59 ◼   ► should never do anything electronically [TS]

00:22:00 ◼   ► and that's it I was also trying to think [TS]

00:22:02 ◼   ► of other things in the world that [TS]

00:22:05 ◼   ► average person doesn't understand but [TS]

00:22:07 ◼   ► the net [TS]

00:22:07 ◼   ► less people trust it's difficult to come [TS]

00:22:10 ◼   ► with straight through analogies but [TS]

00:22:12 ◼   ► there are plenty of them I the problem [TS]

00:22:14 ◼   ► is they're not exactly the same thing [TS]

00:22:15 ◼   ► like people understand how airplanes fly [TS]

00:22:17 ◼   ► but they have faith that they'll be in [TS]

00:22:18 ◼   ► the air and that you know something like [TS]

00:22:21 ◼   ► they have really have no idea like her [TS]

00:22:22 ◼   ► you know and people don't understand how [TS]

00:22:24 ◼   ► government works in general and how you [TS]

00:22:25 ◼   ► know just how the machinery of [TS]

00:22:27 ◼   ► government works in actuality but they [TS]

00:22:29 ◼   ► trust that all this law was passed and I [TS]

00:22:31 ◼   ► trust it was passed in a way that didn't [TS]

00:22:32 ◼   ► involve just a bunch of guys in the back [TS]

00:22:34 ◼   ► room chomping cigars and saying let's do [TS]

00:22:35 ◼   ► this you know there are many things in [TS]

00:22:38 ◼   ► the world that people don't understand [TS]

00:22:40 ◼   ► that nevertheless put their trust in so [TS]

00:22:41 ◼   ► I'm not of the opinion that it would be [TS]

00:22:44 ◼   ► impossible to get human beings to trust [TS]

00:22:46 ◼   ► an end an auditable cryptographically [TS]

00:22:50 ◼   ► secure electronic voting system I'm of [TS]

00:22:52 ◼   ► the opinion that it would be possible to [TS]

00:22:54 ◼   ► it maybe you have to wait for a couple [TS]

00:22:56 ◼   ► generations people die off and gradually [TS]

00:22:58 ◼   ► introduce it and actually do it right [TS]

00:22:59 ◼   ► for once and stuff like that but it [TS]

00:23:01 ◼   ► could happen and I think the people who [TS]

00:23:03 ◼   ► are against it would eventually die off [TS]

00:23:05 ◼   ► and everyone else would think it's crazy [TS]

00:23:07 ◼   ► to do it in any other way I don't think [TS]

00:23:08 ◼   ► voting is unlike every other part of the [TS]

00:23:11 ◼   ► human condition where it's like well [TS]

00:23:12 ◼   ► everything else we can advance [TS]

00:23:13 ◼   ► technology and but voting we have to do [TS]

00:23:15 ◼   ► with rocks until the end of my voting is [TS]

00:23:18 ◼   ► different in some fundamental way than [TS]

00:23:20 ◼   ► anything else human beings do right [TS]

00:23:21 ◼   ► again out it cannot be improved upon [TS]

00:23:23 ◼   ► with modern technology it must be the [TS]

00:23:25 ◼   ► same that it was you know right hundreds [TS]

00:23:27 ◼   ► and hundreds and hundreds of years ago [TS]

00:23:28 ◼   ► and there are many ways you can shoot [TS]

00:23:30 ◼   ► down any analogy flying a plane is not [TS]

00:23:31 ◼   ► like an election don't you understand [TS]

00:23:33 ◼   ► electron is how we govern ourselves it's [TS]

00:23:34 ◼   ► like meta system it's so important ball [TS]

00:23:36 ◼   ► blah but there is you know there's [TS]

00:23:37 ◼   ► nothing in in life that is so special [TS]

00:23:41 ◼   ► that technology cannot touch it ever and [TS]

00:23:43 ◼   ► it almost sounds like the intro TV show [TS]

00:23:45 ◼   ► no nothing is so perfect that it yeah I [TS]

00:23:49 ◼   ► don't know it's it's kind of similar [TS]

00:23:52 ◼   ► thing but anyway uh like I said I'm not [TS]

00:23:55 ◼   ► I'm not arguing against paper trails I [TS]

00:23:57 ◼   ► think they have to be there and I think [TS]

00:23:58 ◼   ► there's no reason they shouldn't be but [TS]

00:24:00 ◼   ► I am arguing for electronic voting [TS]

00:24:02 ◼   ► systems done right and done right means [TS]

00:24:05 ◼   ► you have all of the benefits of the [TS]

00:24:06 ◼   ► existing system plus many extra benefits [TS]

00:24:09 ◼   ► on top of that that people may not care [TS]

00:24:10 ◼   ► about or anything but as long as the [TS]

00:24:12 ◼   ► superset of the existing security [TS]

00:24:14 ◼   ► mechanisms then so what people can [TS]

00:24:16 ◼   ► pretend that's all magic and BS and it [TS]

00:24:18 ◼   ► is equally secure to the best you know [TS]

00:24:20 ◼   ► paper system with [TS]

00:24:21 ◼   ► the hand recounts in all its stuff like [TS]

00:24:23 ◼   ► all right that went a little long I [TS]

00:24:25 ◼   ► think I was rambling there but I think [TS]

00:24:26 ◼   ► it's alright sponsor sure hover com [TS]

00:24:29 ◼   ► simplified domain management you've [TS]

00:24:31 ◼   ► probably registered a domain from a [TS]

00:24:32 ◼   ► company that they tried upsell you on [TS]

00:24:34 ◼   ► stuff you go there you register domain [TS]

00:24:36 ◼   ► name and the next thing you know you've [TS]

00:24:37 ◼   ► signed up for it for five years and [TS]

00:24:38 ◼   ► you've bought all kinds of additional [TS]

00:24:41 ◼   ► you know back ordering things and stuff [TS]

00:24:43 ◼   ► you didn't want or even if you are smart [TS]

00:24:45 ◼   ► and savvy enough to disable all of those [TS]

00:24:48 ◼   ► things as you're going through the [TS]

00:24:49 ◼   ► checkout process they're still there and [TS]

00:24:52 ◼   ► there's still kind of a nuisance well [TS]

00:24:53 ◼   ► hover com does not do that these guys [TS]

00:24:56 ◼   ► their goal is to provide you with a [TS]

00:24:58 ◼   ► straightforward minimal clean honest [TS]

00:25:01 ◼   ► process that makes it easy to go there [TS]

00:25:03 ◼   ► register the domain that you want and go [TS]

00:25:05 ◼   ► away that's what they do there's a [TS]

00:25:08 ◼   ► search box you type in the domain name [TS]

00:25:10 ◼   ► you want if it's available you register [TS]

00:25:12 ◼   ► it if it's not available they'll show [TS]

00:25:13 ◼   ► you some alternatives and that's it you [TS]

00:25:16 ◼   ► get out there's a checkbox do you want [TS]

00:25:18 ◼   ► to have the free who is privacy I [TS]

00:25:20 ◼   ► believe that checked then you can go [TS]

00:25:22 ◼   ► into your settings and make it so that [TS]

00:25:24 ◼   ► there's like a checkbox in there that [TS]

00:25:25 ◼   ► says that never never contact me you can [TS]

00:25:28 ◼   ► do that if you want i don't mind them [TS]

00:25:30 ◼   ► contacting me because they have some [TS]

00:25:31 ◼   ► pretty cool stuff like their domain [TS]

00:25:33 ◼   ► transfer valet service where if your [TS]

00:25:35 ◼   ► transfer your domain from another [TS]

00:25:37 ◼   ► registrar they'll do the entire thing [TS]

00:25:38 ◼   ► like a human being that works there for [TS]

00:25:40 ◼   ► free will do the whole process for you [TS]

00:25:42 ◼   ► they have email hosting if you wanted [TS]

00:25:44 ◼   ► they have built-in free dns which is [TS]

00:25:47 ◼   ► what i'm pretty much using for almost [TS]

00:25:48 ◼   ► everything now go check these guys out [TS]

00:25:50 ◼   ► hover com / dan sent me this will get [TS]

00:25:53 ◼   ► you ten percent off everything that you [TS]

00:25:54 ◼   ► do or you can just use the coupon code [TS]

00:25:56 ◼   ► dan sent me when you're buying something [TS]

00:25:58 ◼   ► like if you're an existing customer if [TS]

00:26:00 ◼   ► you're already there and you're [TS]

00:26:01 ◼   ► transferring more domains there's no [TS]

00:26:02 ◼   ► limit on how many times you can use that [TS]

00:26:04 ◼   ► and i actually use that myself for my [TS]

00:26:07 ◼   ► domain name registration problem my [TS]

00:26:10 ◼   ► addiction and you can go there hover com [TS]

00:26:13 ◼   ► such dance let me get ten percent [TS]

00:26:14 ◼   ► hopefully you liked the experience as [TS]

00:26:16 ◼   ► much as I do thanks very much to them [TS]

00:26:18 ◼   ► for making the show possible what you [TS]

00:26:22 ◼   ► got next John and before we move on one [TS]

00:26:25 ◼   ► point that a lot of these bits of [TS]

00:26:29 ◼   ► feedback oh I got a turned off all right [TS]

00:26:34 ◼   ► a lot of these bits of feedback about [TS]

00:26:36 ◼   ► voting kind of matter of factly state [TS]

00:26:40 ◼   ► that the way they're voting system works [TS]

00:26:42 ◼   ► in their country the voting system do [TS]

00:26:44 ◼   ► they like usually it that involves [TS]

00:26:46 ◼   ► government-issued ID right and from [TS]

00:26:50 ◼   ► coming from a u.s. perspective the rest [TS]

00:26:51 ◼   ► of the world probably thinks we're crazy [TS]

00:26:52 ◼   ► but this just goes to show it like you [TS]

00:26:54 ◼   ► know and in the same way that I don't [TS]

00:26:56 ◼   ► think that the average person needs to [TS]

00:26:58 ◼   ► understand the math involved for a [TS]

00:27:00 ◼   ► cryptographic voting system to [TS]

00:27:03 ◼   ► eventually be considered secure people [TS]

00:27:07 ◼   ► and the rest of world don't think twice [TS]

00:27:09 ◼   ► about having government-issued ID and [TS]

00:27:13 ◼   ► having to show it at the polls to vote [TS]

00:27:15 ◼   ► whereas an America that is a very very [TS]

00:27:17 ◼   ► big issue and some of the same people is [TS]

00:27:21 ◼   ► that you know don't you understand it [TS]

00:27:23 ◼   ► has to be a paper ballot has to be hand [TS]

00:27:25 ◼   ► candid and of course you have your [TS]

00:27:26 ◼   ► government issue date I'm turn around [TS]

00:27:27 ◼   ► said don't you understand you can't [TS]

00:27:28 ◼   ► require government issued ID and say [TS]

00:27:30 ◼   ► well what how can you vote without a [TS]

00:27:31 ◼   ► government issue lady how do we even [TS]

00:27:32 ◼   ► know who's what it again you know [TS]

00:27:35 ◼   ► everyone has their personal hang-ups [TS]

00:27:37 ◼   ► culturally personally then not all of [TS]

00:27:42 ◼   ► them are based on logic so in the same [TS]

00:27:44 ◼   ► in the same way that I'm saying to these [TS]

00:27:46 ◼   ► people that owe you know you you know it [TS]

00:27:48 ◼   ► doesn't need to be done with rocks when [TS]

00:27:52 ◼   ► that they would say to us you know you [TS]

00:27:53 ◼   ► have to have a government ID to vote how [TS]

00:27:55 ◼   ► can you vote without that it's just [TS]

00:27:56 ◼   ► stupid and I can't talk about this too [TS]

00:27:58 ◼   ► much without getting into politics or US [TS]

00:28:00 ◼   ► politics we just go show that the rest [TS]

00:28:01 ◼   ► of the world is different like and I [TS]

00:28:03 ◼   ► don't think most of the feedback even [TS]

00:28:04 ◼   ► acknowledge that they were just like let [TS]

00:28:06 ◼   ► me explain how it works in the civilized [TS]

00:28:08 ◼   ► world we use rocks and pieces of paper [TS]

00:28:09 ◼   ► and a government-issued ID it's like [TS]

00:28:11 ◼   ► that's not gonna fly in the US that's no [TS]

00:28:13 ◼   ► ah people are strange when you're a [TS]

00:28:18 ◼   ► stranger is that it yes that is the [TS]

00:28:20 ◼   ► correct Jim arson doors lyrics okay all [TS]

00:28:24 ◼   ► right so let's move on to the main topic [TS]

00:28:25 ◼   ► today and this could be short how many [TS]

00:28:27 ◼   ► more sponsors do we have we have two [TS]

00:28:29 ◼   ► more so we'll space them out alright so [TS]

00:28:32 ◼   ► don't let me go too long alright gotta [TS]

00:28:34 ◼   ► finish this topic is as teasing the last [TS]

00:28:37 ◼   ► show it's about using ARM processors all [TS]

00:28:41 ◼   ► caps a RM instead of Intel processors on [TS]

00:28:44 ◼   ► max right and it is spawned by this [TS]

00:28:47 ◼   ► business we guard [TS]

00:28:48 ◼   ► from that a week ago titled Apple said [TS]

00:28:51 ◼   ► to be exploring switch from Intel for [TS]

00:28:53 ◼   ► Mac that is bad headline because it is [TS]

00:28:55 ◼   ► awkward right here's a little synopsis [TS]

00:28:58 ◼   ► thing Apple exploring ways to replace [TS]

00:29:00 ◼   ► Intel processors in its Mac personal [TS]

00:29:03 ◼   ► computers with a version of the chip [TS]

00:29:05 ◼   ► technology uses in the iphone or ipad [TS]

00:29:07 ◼   ► according to people familiar with the [TS]

00:29:09 ◼   ► company's research people familiar with [TS]

00:29:11 ◼   ► Apple engineers have grown confident [TS]

00:29:13 ◼   ► that the chip designs used for its [TS]

00:29:14 ◼   ► mobile devices will one day be powerful [TS]

00:29:17 ◼   ► enough to run its desktops and laptops [TS]

00:29:18 ◼   ► said three people knowledgeable of with [TS]

00:29:22 ◼   ► knowledge of the work drank who has to [TS]

00:29:24 ◼   ► remain anonymous because the plans are [TS]

00:29:26 ◼   ► confidential alright so typically Fuzzle [TS]

00:29:29 ◼   ► esource thing and mostly gonna use as [TS]

00:29:31 ◼   ► articles a jumping-off point for a [TS]

00:29:33 ◼   ► discussion about this idea and i'm going [TS]

00:29:38 ◼   ► to give sort of a cliff notes background [TS]

00:29:42 ◼   ► on what i think are the important issues [TS]

00:29:44 ◼   ► behind this if you know anything about [TS]

00:29:46 ◼   ► cpu technology and none of this is going [TS]

00:29:48 ◼   ► to be new information and i apologize [TS]

00:29:51 ◼   ► but most of the time i do a show like [TS]

00:29:53 ◼   ► this i get positive feedback from the [TS]

00:29:54 ◼   ► people who may not be you know nerds in [TS]

00:29:58 ◼   ► this particular section of the topic so [TS]

00:30:00 ◼   ► if you're a tech nerd you can tune out [TS]

00:30:04 ◼   ► for a while and just wait till the end [TS]

00:30:05 ◼   ► when i get to some conclusions and but [TS]

00:30:07 ◼   ► if you're not i hope i will at least [TS]

00:30:09 ◼   ► teach you something in broad strokes [TS]

00:30:12 ◼   ► that you may not have known too much [TS]

00:30:14 ◼   ► about before alright so let's start with [TS]

00:30:18 ◼   ► the risk versus sisk you know those [TS]

00:30:20 ◼   ► stand for damn i do not remember i used [TS]

00:30:23 ◼   ► to know and back in college I there you [TS]

00:30:26 ◼   ► go you'll be one of those people I was [TS]

00:30:28 ◼   ► getting value out of the section that's [TS]

00:30:30 ◼   ► round all right so these are all caps [TS]

00:30:33 ◼   ► are is C and C is C rse is reduced [TS]

00:30:37 ◼   ► instruction set computing on complex [TS]

00:30:39 ◼   ► instruction set computing yeah you go [TS]

00:30:42 ◼   ► pulling stuff up all right no as you as [TS]

00:30:45 ◼   ► soon as you said the first and i [TS]

00:30:46 ◼   ► remembered second yeah this is one of [TS]

00:30:48 ◼   ► those i think it's pretty much like a [TS]

00:30:50 ◼   ► backronym where the the acronym Sisk [TS]

00:30:53 ◼   ► didn't invent didn't exist until the [TS]

00:30:54 ◼   ► acronym risk was invented someone can [TS]

00:30:56 ◼   ► send me reckons it out but it's kind of [TS]

00:30:58 ◼   ► like oh I have an idea and I've given [TS]

00:31:00 ◼   ► name and I'm also going to give a name [TS]

00:31:02 ◼   ► to your idea because my idea is better [TS]

00:31:04 ◼   ► than your idea and I without contrast [TS]

00:31:06 ◼   ► them and yours as complex as my [TS]

00:31:07 ◼   ► introduce anyway this was a hot debate I [TS]

00:31:12 ◼   ► know decade ago longer yeah it's a [TS]

00:31:16 ◼   ► couple other i would say longer because [TS]

00:31:18 ◼   ► i remember the well this came this is [TS]

00:31:20 ◼   ► the whole spark vs intel thing its like [TS]

00:31:24 ◼   ► the 90's yeah mid late nineties even [TS]

00:31:26 ◼   ► before that does there's a bunch of [TS]

00:31:27 ◼   ► articles from ARS technica that are [TS]

00:31:29 ◼   ► great to look at this prism the show [TS]

00:31:31 ◼   ► notes one is called risk versus sisk the [TS]

00:31:33 ◼   ► post risk era by John Stokes from 1999 [TS]

00:31:37 ◼   ► that's a really old one and there's also [TS]

00:31:39 ◼   ► risk versus Sisk in the mobile error [TS]

00:31:40 ◼   ► also by John Stokes in 2008 if you want [TS]

00:31:44 ◼   ► nerdier backgrounds on this stuff I [TS]

00:31:47 ◼   ► suggest reading those articles all right [TS]

00:31:53 ◼   ► but I'm going to give you the cliff [TS]

00:31:54 ◼   ► notes version so first let's start with [TS]

00:31:55 ◼   ► you know reduced instruction set [TS]

00:31:57 ◼   ► computing complex instructions I [TS]

00:31:58 ◼   ► computing what the heck is an [TS]

00:31:59 ◼   ► instruction set instructions that is [TS]

00:32:02 ◼   ► basically the list of things that you [TS]

00:32:03 ◼   ► can ask a processor to do like you build [TS]

00:32:07 ◼   ► this little piece of hardware and you [TS]

00:32:08 ◼   ► have to talk to it and what can you tell [TS]

00:32:10 ◼   ► it to do it is the API for the processor [TS]

00:32:13 ◼   ► using the parlance of our time yeah cuz [TS]

00:32:16 ◼   ► there's only you know what can you tell [TS]

00:32:17 ◼   ► a processor to do this limited set of [TS]

00:32:19 ◼   ► things you can tell it to do and you [TS]

00:32:21 ◼   ► have to define them can you it can you [TS]

00:32:22 ◼   ► tell the process of dad two numbers [TS]

00:32:23 ◼   ► together probably right so how do you do [TS]

00:32:25 ◼   ► that while you tell this instruction and [TS]

00:32:27 ◼   ► you put this number here in this number [TS]

00:32:28 ◼   ► that you know there's a list of things [TS]

00:32:29 ◼   ► that you can tell it to do did you ever [TS]

00:32:31 ◼   ► get assembly I sure did okay surely did [TS]

00:32:34 ◼   ► yes too much assembly so how it works is [TS]

00:32:40 ◼   ► that you know these days is source code [TS]

00:32:43 ◼   ► is compiled the machine code which is [TS]

00:32:45 ◼   ► like a list of instructions for the CPU [TS]

00:32:47 ◼   ► and the CPU reads those instructions [TS]

00:32:48 ◼   ► from memory and execute them right [TS]

00:32:50 ◼   ► machine code is a turd term you don't [TS]

00:32:53 ◼   ► hear thrown around too much today mostly [TS]

00:32:55 ◼   ► because not that relevant but what it [TS]

00:32:56 ◼   ► what it comes down to is just a bunch of [TS]

00:32:58 ◼   ► numbers right it's going to read a bunch [TS]

00:33:00 ◼   ► of numbers from memory and it's going to [TS]

00:33:03 ◼   ► interpret them in a certain way that's [TS]

00:33:04 ◼   ► like oh when I see the number five that [TS]

00:33:06 ◼   ► means the add instruction and then the [TS]

00:33:07 ◼   ► next number is the one thing I'm adding [TS]

00:33:09 ◼   ► in the next number is the other thing [TS]

00:33:10 ◼   ► I'm [TS]

00:33:10 ◼   ► it's not really like that but that's [TS]

00:33:12 ◼   ► that's the idea ah almost nobody writes [TS]

00:33:15 ◼   ► machine code in the end these days uh [TS]

00:33:18 ◼   ► maybe people who would like me and [TS]

00:33:20 ◼   ► undergraduate course had to design their [TS]

00:33:23 ◼   ► own CPUs and then program with machine [TS]

00:33:24 ◼   ► code ended up writing machine code where [TS]

00:33:26 ◼   ► you just literally write a series of [TS]

00:33:27 ◼   ► numbers it is like the least human [TS]

00:33:29 ◼   ► friendly way to program I guess toggle [TS]

00:33:31 ◼   ► switches we worked so if you couldn't [TS]

00:33:33 ◼   ► even type the numbers in you had to do [TS]

00:33:34 ◼   ► them their binary representation with [TS]

00:33:36 ◼   ► toggle switches that would be worse but [TS]

00:33:38 ◼   ► no one does that right assembly which is [TS]

00:33:40 ◼   ► a term you may have heard assembly code [TS]

00:33:42 ◼   ► is kind of like a symbolic version a [TS]

00:33:44 ◼   ► machine code instead of having my number [TS]

00:33:46 ◼   ► five you decide to if you type a DD the [TS]

00:33:49 ◼   ► word ad we're going to tell us the ad [TS]

00:33:51 ◼   ► instructor so you don't have to remember [TS]

00:33:52 ◼   ► that the add instruction is number five [TS]

00:33:53 ◼   ► you just type in a DD and then the next [TS]

00:33:56 ◼   ► thing you type in a bunch of letters it [TS]

00:33:57 ◼   ► says where it's getting one number from [TS]

00:33:58 ◼   ► and you know whatever it's much nicer [TS]

00:34:00 ◼   ► for human beings to not have to type [TS]

00:34:02 ◼   ► just a series of numbers they want words [TS]

00:34:04 ◼   ► or and so they just basically map the [TS]

00:34:05 ◼   ► words two numbers you take that assembly [TS]

00:34:07 ◼   ► code you run it through an assembler it [TS]

00:34:09 ◼   ► reads the little words it converts them [TS]

00:34:11 ◼   ► into the actual numbers and then the [TS]

00:34:12 ◼   ► Machine execute those numbers and those [TS]

00:34:15 ◼   ► little words or those numbers that's [TS]

00:34:16 ◼   ► your instruction set about you've got an [TS]

00:34:18 ◼   ► add obstruction or subtract instruction [TS]

00:34:19 ◼   ► and compare instructional also the stuff [TS]

00:34:21 ◼   ► they have numbers assigned to them you [TS]

00:34:23 ◼   ► write an assembly code the CPU is not [TS]

00:34:25 ◼   ► executing assembly code your assemblers [TS]

00:34:26 ◼   ► looking at the assembly code converting [TS]

00:34:28 ◼   ► them pretty much one to one into their [TS]

00:34:30 ◼   ► equivalent numbers putting them into [TS]

00:34:31 ◼   ► memory than getting the CPU to slurp [TS]

00:34:33 ◼   ► those instructions out of memory and [TS]

00:34:34 ◼   ► then go through each one execute it and [TS]

00:34:36 ◼   ► so and so forth right now people used to [TS]

00:34:39 ◼   ► write programs in assembly a lot more [TS]

00:34:40 ◼   ► than they do today now almost no one was [TS]

00:34:42 ◼   ► writing a machine code in our lifetimes [TS]

00:34:43 ◼   ► button assembly you know people used to [TS]

00:34:47 ◼   ► write programs that huge parts of the [TS]

00:34:49 ◼   ► original mac operating system were [TS]

00:34:51 ◼   ► written in assembly not just the drivers [TS]

00:34:53 ◼   ► or you know anything you would think [TS]

00:34:54 ◼   ► it's like low-level code but just like [TS]

00:34:56 ◼   ► huge parts of the actual operating is [TS]

00:34:57 ◼   ► like parts of the mac toolbox that did [TS]

00:34:59 ◼   ► the GUI like buttons and dialogues and [TS]

00:35:01 ◼   ► menus big parts of that were in an [TS]

00:35:04 ◼   ► assembly a lot of the reason they're [TS]

00:35:05 ◼   ► written assembly is because assembly is [TS]

00:35:07 ◼   ► like you know that's you talking almost [TS]

00:35:09 ◼   ► directly to the cpu granted you're [TS]

00:35:11 ◼   ► writing in a symbolic language thick is [TS]

00:35:12 ◼   ► converted into numbers but it's very [TS]

00:35:14 ◼   ► close to one to one correspondence is [TS]

00:35:16 ◼   ► what's going on inside the CPU so if you [TS]

00:35:18 ◼   ► want to wring every last piece of [TS]

00:35:19 ◼   ► performance out soon as I look CPU I [TS]

00:35:21 ◼   ► gotta tell you do this then you're going [TS]

00:35:23 ◼   ► to do this and [TS]

00:35:24 ◼   ► you're going to put the result there and [TS]

00:35:25 ◼   ► the next instructor not going to take [TS]

00:35:26 ◼   ► that result from there and put it over [TS]

00:35:27 ◼   ► here like very low level direct you know [TS]

00:35:30 ◼   ► not not a big layer of abstraction [TS]

00:35:31 ◼   ► between you and telling the CPU what to [TS]

00:35:33 ◼   ► do and assembly code can be very small [TS]

00:35:36 ◼   ► and very clever and do interesting [TS]

00:35:37 ◼   ► things so and memory was very tight back [TS]

00:35:41 ◼   ► then so large parts of the back-up rings [TS]

00:35:42 ◼   ► is written in assembly and if you're [TS]

00:35:46 ◼   ► writing anything in assembly what you [TS]

00:35:47 ◼   ► want is a a processor that has lots of [TS]

00:35:51 ◼   ► powerful instructions for assembly right [TS]

00:35:53 ◼   ► you wanted to be able to write an [TS]

00:35:57 ◼   ► instruction to this cpu where do [TS]

00:35:59 ◼   ► something useful for you all right so [TS]

00:36:01 ◼   ► here's an example of what later became [TS]

00:36:04 ◼   ► known as complex instruction set [TS]

00:36:06 ◼   ► computer single command that says take a [TS]

00:36:08 ◼   ► piece of memory from location a and move [TS]

00:36:12 ◼   ► that piece of memory into a different [TS]

00:36:13 ◼   ► place in memory location B that seems [TS]

00:36:16 ◼   ► like the simplest possible instruction [TS]

00:36:17 ◼   ► you can do but it's not it's actually [TS]

00:36:19 ◼   ► pretty complicated because you were [TS]

00:36:20 ◼   ► telling the CPU go into Ram fine address [TS]

00:36:24 ◼   ► 57 take the stuff that's there take a [TS]

00:36:27 ◼   ► bite take a word dick a bubble or take [TS]

00:36:29 ◼   ► some piece of memory and then move it to [TS]

00:36:32 ◼   ► a different place in memory address 122 [TS]

00:36:35 ◼   ► right that is actually relatively [TS]

00:36:40 ◼   ► complicated because there's no way you [TS]

00:36:43 ◼   ► know it's it has to you have to the CPU [TS]

00:36:44 ◼   ► have to pull the thing out of memory [TS]

00:36:46 ◼   ► hold it for a second and then stick it [TS]

00:36:49 ◼   ► into another place but if you were [TS]

00:36:51 ◼   ► writing if you were had to write [TS]

00:36:52 ◼   ► assembly you would want to be able to [TS]

00:36:54 ◼   ► write that you wouldn't want to have to [TS]

00:36:55 ◼   ► write take the thing that's in memory [TS]

00:36:57 ◼   ► location 57 pull it into the CPU take it [TS]

00:37:01 ◼   ► out of the CPU and stick it into memory [TS]

00:37:03 ◼   ► location 256 you just want to say just [TS]

00:37:04 ◼   ► move it from 56 to 27 or whatever you [TS]

00:37:06 ◼   ► just one instruction right that is an [TS]

00:37:08 ◼   ► example of a complex instruction set it [TS]

00:37:12 ◼   ► it's you can imagine the the individual [TS]

00:37:15 ◼   ► steps that you want to do but you don't [TS]

00:37:17 ◼   ► want to have to write those individual [TS]

00:37:18 ◼   ► step you just want to sell cheap cell is [TS]

00:37:20 ◼   ► super you look let's move this thing [TS]

00:37:21 ◼   ► from one place to the other because if [TS]

00:37:22 ◼   ► you didn't you have to write three [TS]

00:37:23 ◼   ► instructions every time you just want it [TS]

00:37:24 ◼   ► to move something from one thing it so [TS]

00:37:26 ◼   ► the race back then was to make CPUs that [TS]

00:37:28 ◼   ► had really fancy instructions so that if [TS]

00:37:30 ◼   ► you're writing an assembler or even if [TS]

00:37:32 ◼   ► you're writing a compiler or whatever [TS]

00:37:33 ◼   ► you're like I don't need to handhold the [TS]

00:37:35 ◼   ► CPU I can say [TS]

00:37:37 ◼   ► here's what I want you to do you figure [TS]

00:37:39 ◼   ► out how to do it I don't care how you do [TS]

00:37:40 ◼   ► it but I have a very powerful [TS]

00:37:41 ◼   ► complicated instruction and you do that [TS]

00:37:44 ◼   ► the way you want it that's complex [TS]

00:37:45 ◼   ► instruction set computing because that [TS]

00:37:47 ◼   ► they all the CPU makers are trying to [TS]

00:37:49 ◼   ► make you know my CPU has an instruction [TS]

00:37:51 ◼   ► and lets you you know compared to [TS]

00:37:52 ◼   ► strings to see whether they're equal [TS]

00:37:54 ◼   ► just making this up but like like wow I [TS]

00:37:56 ◼   ► don't even have to go through the [TS]

00:37:57 ◼   ► individual steps of that the CPU will [TS]

00:37:58 ◼   ► just do it itself that's a great CPU [TS]

00:37:59 ◼   ► it's powerful it's awesome right who [TS]

00:38:02 ◼   ► wouldn't like that John right alright so [TS]

00:38:05 ◼   ► here's here this kind of thing falls [TS]

00:38:07 ◼   ► down and I'm going to go into a crazy [TS]

00:38:08 ◼   ► analogy that's not even remotely close [TS]

00:38:10 ◼   ► to being correct but hopefully give you [TS]

00:38:12 ◼   ► just what's going on right so I'm going [TS]

00:38:14 ◼   ► to say that this the complex instruction [TS]

00:38:16 ◼   ► set computing having very powerful [TS]

00:38:18 ◼   ► instructions I can tell the computer to [TS]

00:38:19 ◼   ► do this complicated thing is kind of [TS]

00:38:21 ◼   ► like a sewing machine and there's a [TS]

00:38:24 ◼   ► particular sewing machine animated gift [TS]

00:38:27 ◼   ► that I tried to find on the web I found [TS]

00:38:29 ◼   ► like eight thousand versions of it I put [TS]

00:38:30 ◼   ► one in the chat room here I have you [TS]

00:38:32 ◼   ► seen this one you're looking at chat [TS]

00:38:34 ◼   ► room I am looking let me see oh yeah [TS]

00:38:37 ◼   ► this is very essence old one that's [TS]

00:38:41 ◼   ► great there's a glier ones too but for [TS]

00:38:43 ◼   ► people who don't know how sewing [TS]

00:38:44 ◼   ► machines work or have never used a [TS]

00:38:45 ◼   ► sewing machine take a look of his [TS]

00:38:46 ◼   ► animation you see all seen sewing [TS]

00:38:48 ◼   ► machines it's like a big machine with [TS]

00:38:51 ◼   ► like a needle and you put fabric down on [TS]

00:38:53 ◼   ► a table and you slide it into needle [TS]

00:38:54 ◼   ► needles up and down really fast up and [TS]

00:38:56 ◼   ► down up and down up and down you feed [TS]

00:38:57 ◼   ► the material through it and so does [TS]

00:38:58 ◼   ► things together this animation shows you [TS]

00:39:01 ◼   ► what's actually going on it also [TS]

00:39:02 ◼   ► explains the mystery of the bobbin yeah [TS]

00:39:05 ◼   ► like when the needle goes down in a song [TS]

00:39:07 ◼   ► machine it's not just just punching a [TS]

00:39:09 ◼   ► string through and pulling it back up [TS]

00:39:10 ◼   ► because that wouldn't work we'll just [TS]

00:39:11 ◼   ► make a series of holes all right there's [TS]

00:39:12 ◼   ► a thread threaded through the needle and [TS]

00:39:14 ◼   ► when it goes down through the fabric [TS]

00:39:15 ◼   ► into the table below it is a little [TS]

00:39:17 ◼   ► bobbin that basically takes some thread [TS]

00:39:20 ◼   ► that's on the bobbin and weave it [TS]

00:39:21 ◼   ► through the thread that came down with [TS]

00:39:23 ◼   ► the needle and you get stitches so if [TS]

00:39:25 ◼   ► you stare at this gif animation long [TS]

00:39:26 ◼   ► enough you should get an idea of like [TS]

00:39:28 ◼   ► the basics of how a sewing machine works [TS]

00:39:31 ◼   ► and it's actually you see what it's [TS]

00:39:32 ◼   ► doing it's like you know if a human [TS]

00:39:33 ◼   ► being was doing it they wouldn't [TS]

00:39:34 ◼   ► probably do it in this exactly this way [TS]

00:39:35 ◼   ► but you end up getting a bunch of [TS]

00:39:37 ◼   ► interlocked stitches with one set of [TS]

00:39:39 ◼   ► thread going down the needle and the [TS]

00:39:40 ◼   ► other set of thread on the bobbin and [TS]

00:39:42 ◼   ► the interlock with each other and so two [TS]

00:39:43 ◼   ► pieces of fabric together and so this is [TS]

00:39:46 ◼   ► a pretty ingenious machine I also put in [TS]

00:39:48 ◼   ► two links to a very old show called the [TS]

00:39:51 ◼   ► secret [TS]

00:39:51 ◼   ► life of machines oh yeah which was a [TS]

00:39:54 ◼   ► british show most notable to my young [TS]

00:39:56 ◼   ► American self as the program where i [TS]

00:39:58 ◼   ► learned what sticky tape is as opposed [TS]

00:40:01 ◼   ► to non sticky tape i guess that's what [TS]

00:40:03 ◼   ► they call scotch tape and Scotch is the [TS]

00:40:05 ◼   ► name brand anyway put a link to that in [TS]

00:40:08 ◼   ► the show notes it's like The Secret Life [TS]

00:40:09 ◼   ► machine is a sewing machine part 1 and [TS]

00:40:10 ◼   ► part 2 I actually encourage you to watch [TS]

00:40:12 ◼   ► these things yes they look like they're [TS]

00:40:14 ◼   ► on terrible video from the 70s or 80s [TS]

00:40:15 ◼   ► and the people have British accents and [TS]

00:40:18 ◼   ► they're blurry but really watch it and I [TS]

00:40:20 ◼   ► think by the end of watching these [TS]

00:40:21 ◼   ► programs unlike by the end of this [TS]

00:40:22 ◼   ► podcast you will actually understand how [TS]

00:40:25 ◼   ► sewing machines work and I think it's [TS]

00:40:27 ◼   ► important because you can see you know [TS]

00:40:28 ◼   ► how how they figured out how to do this [TS]

00:40:29 ◼   ► how to take this very complex series of [TS]

00:40:31 ◼   ► motions having one piece of thread [TS]

00:40:33 ◼   ► threaded through a hole in fabric and [TS]

00:40:36 ◼   ► take another piece of thread and loop it [TS]

00:40:38 ◼   ► through that and then come back out how [TS]

00:40:39 ◼   ► can you do that like without having a [TS]

00:40:41 ◼   ► human being threading things through a [TS]

00:40:43 ◼   ► little hole and guiding it through and [TS]

00:40:44 ◼   ► the Machine they came up with to do it [TS]

00:40:46 ◼   ► looks almost nothing like it would look [TS]

00:40:47 ◼   ► like if your hands did it but it it is [TS]

00:40:49 ◼   ► you know basically the bobbin is being [TS]

00:40:51 ◼   ► passed through not literally but you [TS]

00:40:54 ◼   ► know effectively the threat on the [TS]

00:40:57 ◼   ► bobbin is being passed through a loop [TS]

00:40:58 ◼   ► brought down by the other needle and [TS]

00:41:00 ◼   ► it's quite an interesting little machine [TS]

00:41:02 ◼   ► right this is very close to [TS]

00:41:05 ◼   ► philosophically what Sisk is like like [TS]

00:41:07 ◼   ► if you had to explain someone how to sew [TS]

00:41:09 ◼   ► two things together uh with a particular [TS]

00:41:12 ◼   ► locking stitch that holds two pieces of [TS]

00:41:14 ◼   ► fabric together you can do it but that's [TS]

00:41:16 ◼   ► a lot of steps and you'll be like [TS]

00:41:18 ◼   ► wouldn't it be better if I could just [TS]

00:41:19 ◼   ► sort of feed a piece of fabric through a [TS]

00:41:21 ◼   ► machine I say it machine look just do [TS]

00:41:24 ◼   ► that stitch thing I don't wanna have to [TS]

00:41:25 ◼   ► tell you all the individual steps so it [TS]

00:41:27 ◼   ► basically comes down to is you gotta [TS]

00:41:28 ◼   ► punch needle through and then something [TS]

00:41:29 ◼   ► grabs little thing and then you gotta [TS]

00:41:30 ◼   ► have a little bobbin it tucks its thread [TS]

00:41:32 ◼   ► through there but I don't have typed I [TS]

00:41:33 ◼   ► just want to have instruction called [TS]

00:41:34 ◼   ► stitch and I hit a pedal on the floor [TS]

00:41:36 ◼   ► anything goes stitch and I'm I just hold [TS]

00:41:38 ◼   ► down that pedal go stitch stitch stitch [TS]

00:41:40 ◼   ► stitch stage so I can feed the fabric [TS]

00:41:42 ◼   ► through and I've made a sewing machine [TS]

00:41:44 ◼   ► is awesome sisk processors were like [TS]

00:41:46 ◼   ► sewing machines and the cooler steps [TS]

00:41:48 ◼   ► they could do the more interesting [TS]

00:41:50 ◼   ► stitches that they could do the more [TS]

00:41:52 ◼   ► powerful those CPUs were but like a [TS]

00:41:55 ◼   ► sewing machine like there's a limit on [TS]

00:41:57 ◼   ► how fast the sewing machine can do what [TS]

00:41:59 ◼   ► it does if you stare at that animation [TS]

00:42:01 ◼   ► you're like okay how fast can this [TS]

00:42:02 ◼   ► animation go can I do like five [TS]

00:42:05 ◼   ► just a second ten stitches a second [TS]

00:42:07 ◼   ► maybe tonight of 20 maybe but now you [TS]

00:42:11 ◼   ► know my 20 stitches a second that's [TS]

00:42:12 ◼   ► pretty darn fast can you make a machine [TS]

00:42:14 ◼   ► that performs a series of complicated [TS]

00:42:16 ◼   ► moves that best can I do 200,000 [TS]

00:42:18 ◼   ► stitches a second probably not someone [TS]

00:42:21 ◼   ► someone from the industrial sewing [TS]

00:42:23 ◼   ► machine world will send me some feedback [TS]

00:42:24 ◼   ► on this show and tell me how fast the [TS]

00:42:26 ◼   ► fastest sewing machine in the world can [TS]

00:42:27 ◼   ► go go but like at a certain point [TS]

00:42:29 ◼   ► pressing the pedal to do one stitch and [TS]

00:42:32 ◼   ► it's like you told me to do one stitch [TS]

00:42:33 ◼   ► and I got into this series of 27 really [TS]

00:42:34 ◼   ► complicated steps and the steps depend [TS]

00:42:37 ◼   ► on each other the kind of interlocked [TS]

00:42:38 ◼   ► and you know you get into issues of like [TS]

00:42:40 ◼   ► physics of things hurtling past each [TS]

00:42:41 ◼   ► other and you can't thread this thing [TS]

00:42:43 ◼   ► through until the needle comes down but [TS]

00:42:44 ◼   ► you got to make sure the needle is all [TS]

00:42:45 ◼   ► the way down before you grab it then you [TS]

00:42:47 ◼   ► but you have to start and stop a piece [TS]

00:42:48 ◼   ► of machinery from moving it's there is a [TS]

00:42:51 ◼   ► limit how fast a sewing machine can [TS]

00:42:53 ◼   ► operate compare that limit of how fast [TS]

00:42:56 ◼   ► can I make this little sewing machine [TS]

00:42:57 ◼   ► thing go compare that limit to how fast [TS]

00:43:00 ◼   ► an electric motor can spin just plain [TS]

00:43:03 ◼   ► old straight barrel electric motor a [TS]

00:43:06 ◼   ► sewing machine you know a thousand rpm [TS]

00:43:09 ◼   ► 100 rpm and you know stitches per minute [TS]

00:43:11 ◼   ► rotations from it or whatever how many [TS]

00:43:13 ◼   ► stitches can you make per second doesn't [TS]

00:43:15 ◼   ► come close to an electric motor electric [TS]

00:43:16 ◼   ► motor can do tens of thousands of [TS]

00:43:18 ◼   ► rotations per minute a electric motor [TS]

00:43:21 ◼   ► can spend very very fast you just you [TS]

00:43:24 ◼   ► know it you put it in some really good [TS]

00:43:26 ◼   ► ball bearings you have some magnets in a [TS]

00:43:28 ◼   ► coil of wire and electricity maybe you [TS]

00:43:31 ◼   ► even magnetically levitates spindles so [TS]

00:43:33 ◼   ► there's no friction except for air that [TS]

00:43:34 ◼   ► you could suck the air out of it to make [TS]

00:43:35 ◼   ► it a vacuum you know you can make [TS]

00:43:37 ◼   ► electric motor spin really fast because [TS]

00:43:39 ◼   ► all does is spin there's no oscillating [TS]

00:43:41 ◼   ► parts there's no thread going through a [TS]

00:43:44 ◼   ► piece of fabric and one piece of thread [TS]

00:43:46 ◼   ► being shoved through a nose but it's [TS]

00:43:47 ◼   ► just spinning that's all does it rotates [TS]

00:43:50 ◼   ► around again and again and you can do [TS]

00:43:52 ◼   ► that really really really fast and if [TS]

00:43:54 ◼   ► you want to make that luxury motor go [TS]

00:43:56 ◼   ► really fast you know right where you [TS]

00:43:57 ◼   ► have to concentrate what are the things [TS]

00:43:59 ◼   ► stopping me from going too fast friction [TS]

00:44:01 ◼   ► uh that the force inside of the thing [TS]

00:44:04 ◼   ► I'm making it spin apart if it goes too [TS]

00:44:05 ◼   ► fast you know that isn't the centripetal [TS]

00:44:07 ◼   ► force on the outsides of the piece of [TS]

00:44:09 ◼   ► metal causing to disintegrate but those [TS]

00:44:10 ◼   ► limits are way higher than the limits of [TS]

00:44:12 ◼   ► a sewing machine if you had a contest [TS]

00:44:13 ◼   ► between the best engineers in the world [TS]

00:44:14 ◼   ► how fast can you make a sewing machine [TS]

00:44:16 ◼   ► go versus how fast can you make an [TS]

00:44:17 ◼   ► electrical [TS]

00:44:18 ◼   ► the electric motor guys would destroy [TS]

00:44:20 ◼   ► the sewing machine and sew the risk [TS]

00:44:23 ◼   ► philosophy was that they figured this [TS]

00:44:25 ◼   ► out you know they said all right we're [TS]

00:44:27 ◼   ► making these awesome cpu's with these [TS]

00:44:28 ◼   ► really complicated instructions but geez [TS]

00:44:30 ◼   ► every time we try to make these things [TS]

00:44:31 ◼   ► go faster like how fast can we make that [TS]

00:44:33 ◼   ► instruction to do some complicated [TS]

00:44:36 ◼   ► operation I guess of all these steps [TS]

00:44:38 ◼   ► involved and they're all interlocked [TS]

00:44:40 ◼   ► with each other and this limit how fast [TS]

00:44:42 ◼   ► I can go with that what if we make the [TS]

00:44:45 ◼   ► CPU equivalent of that electric motor [TS]

00:44:47 ◼   ► where what it does is really stupid and [TS]

00:44:49 ◼   ► simple but we can do it really really [TS]

00:44:51 ◼   ► fast uh and so that's that's a little [TS]

00:44:55 ◼   ► definition of risk here from the the [TS]

00:44:56 ◼   ► Wikipedia article CPU design strategy [TS]

00:44:58 ◼   ► based on the inside that simplified as [TS]

00:45:00 ◼   ► opposed to complex instructions can [TS]

00:45:01 ◼   ► provide higher performance this [TS]

00:45:02 ◼   ► simplicity enables much faster execution [TS]

00:45:04 ◼   ► of each instruction so an example of a [TS]

00:45:10 ◼   ► RISC architecture is the ARM [TS]

00:45:11 ◼   ► architecture it's a emergency for acorn [TS]

00:45:14 ◼   ► risc machines i believe and i forget [TS]

00:45:15 ◼   ► what they we went through a [TS]

00:45:16 ◼   ► senate-passed show I'm not gonna look it [TS]

00:45:17 ◼   ► up again there's only the second we have [TS]

00:45:19 ◼   ► feedback about if any way is a risk [TS]

00:45:20 ◼   ► machine and they use called like load [TS]

00:45:22 ◼   ► store architectures and the reason load [TS]

00:45:24 ◼   ► store architecture comes up is because [TS]

00:45:25 ◼   ► given that complex instruction operation [TS]

00:45:29 ◼   ► from before take a piece of memory from [TS]

00:45:33 ◼   ► location 57 and move it to 128 on the [TS]

00:45:35 ◼   ► risc cpu that would be read the location [TS]

00:45:39 ◼   ► 57 into register one right location [TS]

00:45:42 ◼   ► right register one out into location in [TS]

00:45:44 ◼   ► 256 so it would be two operations [TS]

00:45:46 ◼   ► instead of one I may have gotten that [TS]

00:45:48 ◼   ► wrong with the details so basically you [TS]

00:45:50 ◼   ► can take any complicated operation and [TS]

00:45:53 ◼   ► decompose it into simpler operations so [TS]

00:45:56 ◼   ► the move from one place member to [TS]

00:45:58 ◼   ► another it's going to have to go through [TS]

00:45:58 ◼   ► the CPU anyway there is no instruction [TS]

00:46:00 ◼   ► that says move it from the settle [TS]

00:46:02 ◼   ► occasion the other one you have to issue [TS]

00:46:04 ◼   ► the two taken from here put it to their [TS]

00:46:05 ◼   ► take a rear porter there and that seems [TS]

00:46:08 ◼   ► like a loss like wasn't it much better [TS]

00:46:10 ◼   ► when you could just tell it to move from [TS]

00:46:11 ◼   ► one place to the other but in actuality [TS]

00:46:12 ◼   ► because those those risk instructions [TS]

00:46:15 ◼   ► are so simple you can make them go much [TS]

00:46:18 ◼   ► faster and you can interleave them with [TS]

00:46:20 ◼   ► each other and duels all sorts of other [TS]

00:46:21 ◼   ► things because the instructions [TS]

00:46:24 ◼   ► themselves are small and so everything [TS]

00:46:26 ◼   ► about risk machines was designed to be [TS]

00:46:28 ◼   ► more like the electric motor and less [TS]

00:46:29 ◼   ► like the sewing machine they [TS]

00:46:31 ◼   ► won't have any special hardware special [TS]

00:46:34 ◼   ► registers that only serve a single [TS]

00:46:36 ◼   ► purpose when you divide two numbers the [TS]

00:46:37 ◼   ► result always goes in this register they [TS]

00:46:39 ◼   ► wanted to have a big very uniform [TS]

00:46:41 ◼   ► register file with lots of what they [TS]

00:46:43 ◼   ► call general purpose registers we're [TS]

00:46:45 ◼   ► like when you divide two numbers the [TS]

00:46:46 ◼   ► result doesn't always have to go into [TS]

00:46:47 ◼   ► this register it can go in any of the [TS]

00:46:48 ◼   ► registers in fact all the registers the [TS]

00:46:50 ◼   ► same and we have a bunch of them because [TS]

00:46:51 ◼   ► there's going to be a bunch of these [TS]

00:46:53 ◼   ► little tiny instructions and flight at [TS]

00:46:54 ◼   ► once and maybe we can put more than [TS]

00:46:56 ◼   ► parallel and intro leave them with each [TS]

00:46:58 ◼   ► other we just want to make it regular [TS]

00:47:00 ◼   ► and uniform they did stuff like uh you [TS]

00:47:03 ◼   ► know either discouraging or outright [TS]

00:47:04 ◼   ► forbidding unaligned memory access you [TS]

00:47:06 ◼   ► know old machines would be like we can [TS]

00:47:08 ◼   ► read memory anywhere you don't have to [TS]

00:47:09 ◼   ► start from a particular location you [TS]

00:47:11 ◼   ► just tell me you can read you a bite at [TS]

00:47:12 ◼   ► a time from anywhere in memory and then [TS]

00:47:14 ◼   ► risk machines are more like now you can [TS]

00:47:15 ◼   ► only do a line memory access you have to [TS]

00:47:17 ◼   ► start on on a you know a multiple of 32 [TS]

00:47:19 ◼   ► bits or multiple 16 bits or something [TS]

00:47:21 ◼   ► some of the trunk like that if that's [TS]

00:47:23 ◼   ► inconvenient for you tough luck take up [TS]

00:47:25 ◼   ► the bigger piece bring it into the CPU [TS]

00:47:26 ◼   ► chop it up how you want uh and it's [TS]

00:47:29 ◼   ► basically you know making it much much [TS]

00:47:32 ◼   ► less pleasant to program an assembly [TS]

00:47:34 ◼   ► language because you're getting a bit [TS]

00:47:35 ◼   ► much dumber simpler machine that has [TS]

00:47:37 ◼   ► much more limitations and so many ones [TS]

00:47:39 ◼   ► into assembly programming be like I [TS]

00:47:40 ◼   ► don't want to program a risc cpu I got [TS]

00:47:42 ◼   ► to tell it how to do everything and have [TS]

00:47:43 ◼   ► instructions i wanted to aren't even [TS]

00:47:45 ◼   ► there I can't even pull a byte of memory [TS]

00:47:46 ◼   ► from here I gotta pull like 32 bits of [TS]

00:47:49 ◼   ► memory and mask it to get the bytes I [TS]

00:47:51 ◼   ► want and it's just this terrible right [TS]

00:47:52 ◼   ► uh that's not what I was designed for it [TS]

00:47:55 ◼   ► was designed for an age where compilers [TS]

00:47:56 ◼   ► right that for you and optimize it for [TS]

00:47:58 ◼   ► you purely because like the electric [TS]

00:48:00 ◼   ► motor they could spin a risc cpu really [TS]

00:48:02 ◼   ► really fast and in CPU world spinning [TS]

00:48:04 ◼   ► really fast is the clock speed it's [TS]

00:48:06 ◼   ► megahertz how many instructions per [TS]

00:48:08 ◼   ► second or how many cycles per second can [TS]

00:48:10 ◼   ► can happen oh the other thing that had [TS]

00:48:12 ◼   ► done these on risky p uses they would [TS]

00:48:14 ◼   ► try to make almost every single [TS]

00:48:15 ◼   ► instruction executes in a single clock [TS]

00:48:16 ◼   ► not everyone because this you know [TS]

00:48:18 ◼   ► complicated division instructions and [TS]

00:48:19 ◼   ► stuff like that but they would want they [TS]

00:48:22 ◼   ► would not want to have an instruction [TS]

00:48:23 ◼   ► like a one sis cpus where it's some big [TS]

00:48:25 ◼   ► complicated instruction like the song [TS]

00:48:26 ◼   ► machine it takes 17 cycles to execute [TS]

00:48:28 ◼   ► you know adding two numbers here they [TS]

00:48:30 ◼   ► wanted all their instructions to be so [TS]

00:48:32 ◼   ► simple that every single one of them [TS]

00:48:33 ◼   ► executed in a single cycle except for [TS]

00:48:35 ◼   ► maybe a couple of outliers so again the [TS]

00:48:37 ◼   ► entire instruction set the entire CPU [TS]

00:48:39 ◼   ► architecture was designed to make the [TS]

00:48:40 ◼   ► CPU go fast and not to make assembly [TS]

00:48:44 ◼   ► programmers like you [TS]

00:48:45 ◼   ► ye're and and or you know anything like [TS]

00:48:48 ◼   ► that they've expected a compiler to spit [TS]

00:48:49 ◼   ► out this stuff all right let me see what [TS]

00:48:54 ◼   ► up man these are there's some good rants [TS]

00:48:58 ◼   ► for me today yeah I'm really revisiting [TS]

00:49:01 ◼   ► old territory all right let's do the [TS]

00:49:02 ◼   ► second sponsor lynda.com online learning [TS]

00:49:04 ◼   ► company these guys have more than 77,000 [TS]

00:49:07 ◼   ► video tutorials i call them screencasts [TS]

00:49:09 ◼   ► they call video tutorials they're gonna [TS]

00:49:11 ◼   ► have to they're you know that's their [TS]

00:49:12 ◼   ► thing they know what the call they teach [TS]

00:49:15 ◼   ► you stuff they teach you everything from [TS]

00:49:16 ◼   ► design photography business programming [TS]

00:49:20 ◼   ► a you name it audio and video stuff even [TS]

00:49:22 ◼   ► have 3d animation stuff in there they're [TS]

00:49:24 ◼   ► adding new courses all the time all the [TS]

00:49:27 ◼   ► time and the way this thing works is you [TS]

00:49:28 ◼   ► get a membership and then you get access [TS]

00:49:30 ◼   ► to everything that's in there so that [TS]

00:49:32 ◼   ► you can teach yourself stop from experts [TS]

00:49:35 ◼   ► they have experts who are working in the [TS]

00:49:37 ◼   ► industry with real-world experience [TS]

00:49:39 ◼   ► creating these things teaching these [TS]

00:49:41 ◼   ► things and selling them there and it's [TS]

00:49:43 ◼   ► really really cool I love learning with [TS]

00:49:46 ◼   ► screencast and of course I mean I'm [TS]

00:49:48 ◼   ► probably biased because I've made [TS]

00:49:49 ◼   ► screencast before I used to make a [TS]

00:49:50 ◼   ► living doing screencast but I love this [TS]

00:49:52 ◼   ► stuff it's over on lynda.com that [TS]

00:49:55 ◼   ► spelled ly n da lynda.com membership [TS]

00:49:59 ◼   ► starts at 25 bucks a month but you get [TS]

00:50:01 ◼   ► unlimited 24 by 7 access to the best [TS]

00:50:04 ◼   ► videos out there they made a special URL [TS]

00:50:07 ◼   ► you can visit linda.com / 5 by 5 and if [TS]

00:50:12 ◼   ► you go there you'll get seven days for [TS]

00:50:14 ◼   ► free access to everything seven days [TS]

00:50:16 ◼   ► free and you'll support the show you'll [TS]

00:50:18 ◼   ► make John Happ you'll make me happy [TS]

00:50:19 ◼   ► Linda calm / 5 / 5 check them out so we [TS]

00:50:25 ◼   ► got some numbers on actual risk and CPUs [TS]

00:50:28 ◼   ► in terms of number of registers and [TS]

00:50:29 ◼   ► stuff just to reinforce the point about [TS]

00:50:31 ◼   ► the register whether they call the [TS]

00:50:32 ◼   ► register file how many differenter says [TS]

00:50:34 ◼   ► you have so the PowerPC cpu used to be [TS]

00:50:36 ◼   ► in max that's also a risc cpu and like i [TS]

00:50:39 ◼   ► said risks abused and have way more [TS]

00:50:40 ◼   ► registers and they're all kind of you [TS]

00:50:42 ◼   ► know no special purpose registers or few [TS]

00:50:45 ◼   ► special purpose or mostly generate lots [TS]

00:50:46 ◼   ► of general-purpose registers so power [TS]

00:50:49 ◼   ► busy had 32 general purpose registers [TS]

00:50:51 ◼   ► and 32 floating point registers and and [TS]

00:50:53 ◼   ► compared to x86 intel chips back when [TS]

00:50:56 ◼   ► they were 16 bit x86 chips [TS]

00:50:59 ◼   ► had six registers which were kind of [TS]

00:51:02 ◼   ► sort of dedicated special purpose not [TS]

00:51:05 ◼   ► all them are really general sort of like [TS]

00:51:06 ◼   ► I said you know when you did a divided [TS]

00:51:08 ◼   ► instruction the result always had to go [TS]

00:51:09 ◼   ► in a particular register and stuff like [TS]

00:51:10 ◼   ► that plus a couple of other things for [TS]

00:51:13 ◼   ► like stack pointers and stuff 32-bit x86 [TS]

00:51:16 ◼   ► had six general purpose registers plus [TS]

00:51:19 ◼   ► some extended versions of the you know [TS]

00:51:21 ◼   ► stack pointer registers and stuff 64-bit [TS]

00:51:24 ◼   ► they added a few more you got 14 general [TS]

00:51:26 ◼   ► purpose registers plus the other ones [TS]

00:51:28 ◼   ► and so you see like x86 has been trying [TS]

00:51:31 ◼   ► to add more registers but PowerPC from [TS]

00:51:33 ◼   ► the day was born had this you know huge [TS]

00:51:35 ◼   ► number registered more registers than [TS]

00:51:36 ◼   ► you would expect the human being to keep [TS]

00:51:37 ◼   ► track of because if you're writing [TS]

00:51:38 ◼   ► assembling you got to keep track of 32 [TS]

00:51:40 ◼   ► registers like I will tell that i put in [TS]

00:51:42 ◼   ► register 17 i want to add these two [TS]

00:51:44 ◼   ► numbers together was that in register 32 [TS]

00:51:46 ◼   ► or 57 it's just you can imagine writing [TS]

00:51:48 ◼   ► so maybe you can remember adding [TS]

00:51:50 ◼   ► assembly by hand and like it's hard to [TS]

00:51:51 ◼   ► keep track of these things that they're [TS]

00:51:52 ◼   ► all just called r 1 r 7 r 15 are three [TS]

00:51:54 ◼   ► and they're all the same and how can you [TS]

00:51:56 ◼   ► keep track of where anything is like [TS]

00:51:58 ◼   ► it's totally made for a machine because [TS]

00:51:59 ◼   ► the machine say okay I've got 32 [TS]

00:52:01 ◼   ► registers to work with and I can just [TS]

00:52:02 ◼   ► keep track of them and have sort of a [TS]

00:52:04 ◼   ► register allocation algorithm I figure [TS]

00:52:05 ◼   ► out how to use them when I compile this [TS]

00:52:07 ◼   ► code it's much better for a machine a [TS]

00:52:08 ◼   ► floating point is a good example to on [TS]

00:52:10 ◼   ► x86 based have a separate floating-point [TS]

00:52:13 ◼   ► unit called the x87 stack-based [TS]

00:52:15 ◼   ► floating-point unit which was a a [TS]

00:52:18 ◼   ► dedicated separate little thing itself [TS]

00:52:20 ◼   ► would eventually moved on die but it was [TS]

00:52:22 ◼   ► stack base where you put your number [TS]

00:52:23 ◼   ► push another number and then push on a [TS]

00:52:24 ◼   ► multiplication would multiply the top [TS]

00:52:27 ◼   ► two numbers on the stack but you could [TS]

00:52:28 ◼   ► also reach down lower into the stack and [TS]

00:52:30 ◼   ► do stuff and I it's not really conducive [TS]

00:52:32 ◼   ► to parallelization because when you have [TS]

00:52:35 ◼   ► a stack it's like a stack of plates [TS]

00:52:37 ◼   ► where you pushed push two plates on the [TS]

00:52:38 ◼   ► top and perform an operation that [TS]

00:52:39 ◼   ► combines those two plates into one plate [TS]

00:52:41 ◼   ► and puts the result back on top of the [TS]

00:52:42 ◼   ► stack and if you want have 17 people [TS]

00:52:44 ◼   ► operating at the same time on a stack [TS]

00:52:46 ◼   ► it's not really great because of the way [TS]

00:52:48 ◼   ► a stack works you can have some guy in [TS]

00:52:49 ◼   ► the middle yanking things in and out [TS]

00:52:51 ◼   ► because what if the guy on the top was [TS]

00:52:52 ◼   ► doing yet anyway stack-based floating [TS]

00:52:55 ◼   ► point was also a problem for them [TS]

00:52:56 ◼   ► because it was kind of designed in in a [TS]

00:52:59 ◼   ► different error when the most important [TS]

00:53:00 ◼   ► thing wasn't like parallel execution and [TS]

00:53:02 ◼   ► simplicity of things now what all is [TS]

00:53:04 ◼   ► article that is referred to at the very [TS]

00:53:06 ◼   ► front of the article by John Stokes were [TS]

00:53:07 ◼   ► in reference to like Cisco versus risk [TS]

00:53:09 ◼   ► at the post ristic post risk era that [TS]

00:53:12 ◼   ► was all [TS]

00:53:13 ◼   ► I'll sort of rehashing this cisco stuff [TS]

00:53:15 ◼   ► that I just talked about and explaining [TS]

00:53:17 ◼   ► how although that was the origin of the [TS]

00:53:21 ◼   ► risk movement it's much less relevant [TS]

00:53:23 ◼   ► today because these days when you have [TS]

00:53:25 ◼   ► this x86 quote-unquote CPU have these [TS]

00:53:28 ◼   ► complex complex instructions the way [TS]

00:53:31 ◼   ► they work internally is they take that [TS]

00:53:33 ◼   ► complicated instruction that says move [TS]

00:53:35 ◼   ► something from one memory address to [TS]

00:53:36 ◼   ► another and RAM and they break it down [TS]

00:53:38 ◼   ► into what they call micro operations so [TS]

00:53:40 ◼   ► they say okay even though you said move [TS]

00:53:43 ◼   ► this data word from address here at [TS]

00:53:45 ◼   ► address there I'm going to break that [TS]

00:53:47 ◼   ► single instruction into two smaller [TS]

00:53:49 ◼   ► instructions one that says get that [TS]

00:53:51 ◼   ► thing from memory and put it into this [TS]

00:53:52 ◼   ► register and other that says take that [TS]

00:53:54 ◼   ► register and stick and into memory all [TS]

00:53:55 ◼   ► right so they basically taken a sisk [TS]

00:53:57 ◼   ► instruction set and inside the CPU break [TS]

00:54:00 ◼   ► it down into something more [TS]

00:54:01 ◼   ► approximating a RISC instruction set and [TS]

00:54:03 ◼   ► the actual CPU is built to execute these [TS]

00:54:06 ◼   ► tiny little micro operations it's not [TS]

00:54:08 ◼   ► executing you know it doesn't the CPU [TS]

00:54:11 ◼   ► doesn't see this big complicated [TS]

00:54:12 ◼   ► instruction that says to do 50 things it [TS]

00:54:14 ◼   ► sees a stream of tiny little micro [TS]

00:54:16 ◼   ► operations that were created from those [TS]

00:54:18 ◼   ► single instructions so they build the [TS]

00:54:19 ◼   ► entire CPU internally to execute these [TS]

00:54:22 ◼   ► micro operations very efficiently and [TS]

00:54:23 ◼   ► very quickly and they just have a [TS]

00:54:25 ◼   ► decoder part on the front on the front [TS]

00:54:27 ◼   ► end that takes your complicated [TS]

00:54:28 ◼   ► instruction see and it decodes it into [TS]

00:54:30 ◼   ► these simpler ones and that's the idea [TS]

00:54:34 ◼   ► of getting at the post risk era where [TS]

00:54:35 ◼   ► it's like all right so the instruction [TS]