PodSearch

Cortex

165: How to Win Friends and Influence People

 

00:00:00   It's time for another episode of Cortex Book Club.

00:00:03   This time, we're doing How to Win Friends and Influence People.

00:00:07   Why did we choose this book?

00:00:10   I just feel like this is the most famous, I don't want to say like productivity book,

00:00:18   but it's like it's the most famous book of this kind, like businessy self-help.

00:00:23   It has an underlying current of getting things done and accomplished,

00:00:28   but it's in a social setting.

00:00:30   It's not pure self-help because it is very business-focused,

00:00:35   even though it's not exactly like a business book.

00:00:37   My memory of it was like, this is like one of the foundational texts in this genre.

00:00:43   And also, I think it is a book that has somehow transcended its own title.

00:00:48   Like people know this phrasing of like how to win friends and influence people.

00:00:53   I think even if they don't know that it's a book,

00:00:56   like if you make a joke and you structure it with something with that title,

00:00:59   people will recognize this as like a meme that's in the world.

00:01:02   So that's why I think we went with it.

00:01:04   I think this book is basically like a household name, even if people haven't read it.

00:01:09   Similarly, Seven Habits is one of those two.

00:01:13   Exactly.

00:01:13   But How to Win Friends and Influence People was published in 1936, which is just wild.

00:01:21   And like it really was, it kind of is the prototypical self-help business book.

00:01:25   There wasn't a lot before this.

00:01:27   And I think the success of this book, written by Dale Carnegie,

00:01:30   I think really gets us to where we are now.

00:01:34   And it's funny, in reading the book, there are a lot of things where you're like,

00:01:39   yeah, of course.

00:01:40   Or yeah, I've heard about this before.

00:01:42   And then you have to kind of like reframe it and be like,

00:01:44   oh no, this is probably the first time anyone ever said this.

00:01:46   Like this is the first time somebody published this as an idea as to how you should live your life

00:01:51   or live your business life in some way.

00:01:54   So like looking at kind of like the pantheon of book club episodes,

00:01:57   this to me felt like a missing spot that I wanted to fill in.

00:02:02   And I will say, I'm very happy we did because like, I'll like spoil it now.

00:02:06   This is my favorite book that we've read.

00:02:08   Oh, really? Interesting.

00:02:08   I loved this book.

00:02:10   I thought it was fantastic.

00:02:11   I enjoyed the simplicity of it.

00:02:14   And I genuinely think that there is so much in this book, which is genuinely helpful.

00:02:20   While still, and I have a couple of anecdotes that I want to retell,

00:02:24   as these things always have, I think that by and large,

00:02:28   it wasn't as sickening as some of these books can be

00:02:30   in the ways that they tell their anecdotes of all of the weird, wild and wonderful things

00:02:35   that happened to either the author or someone the author knew.

00:02:37   I think this book is pretty restrained in that as well.

00:02:40   But I just think like functionally and from the way the book is presented

00:02:45   makes it very kind of digestible.

00:02:48   So it's broken up into four sections.

00:02:52   By the way, we read the updated version.

00:02:55   I think it's called the version for modern leaders.

00:02:58   This is actually an update to an update.

00:03:00   So there was a revision of this book in the 80s, which is referenced in the foreword,

00:03:05   which is written by Carnegie's granddaughter or daughter.

00:03:09   Yeah.

00:03:10   The 1980 version reduced the sections from six sections to four sections.

00:03:16   There were sections on writing effective business letters and, quote,

00:03:21   improving marital satisfaction that were removed from the book.

00:03:25   These are still removed in the version that we have read.

00:03:29   But from the way it was described, some of the references were changed in that 1980s version.

00:03:34   And this book changed them again, kind of back more to some of the original references that were made.

00:03:40   And kind of like, I think there was some stuff in there that people didn't like.

00:03:42   And it kind of got retconned back to the original, but kept the four broad sections.

00:03:47   Each section has multiple points within it, like principles within it.

00:03:51   I think it's good.

00:03:52   So this is, as best I can remember, this is my third time reading it.

00:03:56   So I know that I read it in high school and I got my hands on the original version.

00:04:04   So I was like, I read the 1936 version when I was in high school.

00:04:08   And it's like, oh boy, I remember really quite liking the book.

00:04:12   And it's why I'm pretty sure this is my third time, because I remember I read it a second time.

00:04:17   I think it was in college.

00:04:19   And my experience was, like, I read the modernized version of it.

00:04:23   I remember being, like, very angry.

00:04:25   I was like, I do not like this update.

00:04:27   Like, the update is terrible.

00:04:29   They've changed a bunch of the language.

00:04:30   Whatever it was, I felt like all of these changes were negative in the way that, like, modernizations often can be.

00:04:37   Like, good intentions, but can kind of kill the spirit of a thing.

00:04:41   And so my reread this time, I was very aware, like, oh, this feels like the book that I read in high school.

00:04:49   And it really did feel in the forward, like, they were subtweeting, like, whoever the people were who had made the decision about, like, the updated 80s version.

00:04:57   Because they were all like, we're going back to, like, the original thing that was actually good.

00:05:01   Not like that other version.

00:05:03   That sucked.

00:05:03   But I did feel like, oh, man, if someone's going to read this book, I do think this is probably the version to read.

00:05:09   Like, slightly updated and slightly modernized, but actually keeping everything about it that was old.

00:05:16   Because for me, I think this book doesn't work at all without this, like, golly gee, American Midwest friendly kind of style.

00:05:28   Like, I don't know any other way to describe it.

00:05:31   But there is a, like, gee willikers, mister.

00:05:33   Like, we're trying to figure things out, aren't we?

00:05:36   Vibe.

00:05:36   That is just insanely strong through the whole book.

00:05:41   And I think if you took that out, it would just be unbearably tedious in a bunch of ways.

00:05:47   Very affable.

00:05:48   This book is very affable.

00:05:49   Affable.

00:05:50   Yes.

00:05:51   It's like a perfect word for it.

00:05:52   It's really affable.

00:05:54   I think that the examples that they give, being clearly very old-timey, is critical.

00:05:59   Like, it just matters.

00:06:01   Like, a version where you tried to replace the story with examples from modern business leaders, I just think would be absolute death, which I imagine is what happened in, like, the previous updates to this book.

00:06:11   But, yeah, it's like, I don't know if you felt this way, but, like, I just kept having this feeling of, like, oh, this book is, like, a kind of vision of an idealized Americana.

00:06:24   It's just, like, it's so American, this book, in this, like, get-things-done, charming spirit, like, everyone's trying to work things out, and, like, aren't we all industrious getting things accomplished?

00:06:37   It's just, like, impossibly charming as a style for the book.

00:06:41   So it's just, like, very interesting to have this reread, because when you suggested this version, I was expecting, like, oh, no, it's going to be another, like, bad third version of an update.

00:06:52   And I was originally planning to be, like, I'm going to read this and also then, like, compare back to the original, but I didn't feel the need to do that at all.

00:06:58   I was like, oh, yeah, great.

00:07:00   This is, like, the book that has the spirit of the first time that I read it.

00:07:03   Yeah, I was expecting that the updated for the new generation version that we read, I thought it was going to be, like, oh, so here's how you send an email.

00:07:11   You know, I thought there was going to be some of that in here, and I actually appreciate that it's not in here.

00:07:16   I think what makes this book so successful is that it is so timeless, in that, essentially, a lot of the things that they're talking about is just how to have good conversations with people.

00:07:29   Like, that is essentially what this book is focusing on.

00:07:32   I think that in a modern context, the title does a disservice to the book now.

00:07:37   I think I mentioned this on the last episode, but when I read the title, How to Win Friends and Influence People, it sounds a little bit more predatory than the book actually is.

00:07:49   There is a little bit of this, and I'll touch on this a bit later on in the episode, where at some points it's like, are we actually trying to build real relationships, or are we trying to, like, make people think we are?

00:08:00   Like, I think that sometimes it gets up to that line, and sometimes maybe a bit too far over it, but I think that the title, to me, at least, sounds quite manipulative, but I don't feel that the book is actually trying to suggest that that's how you should live your life.

00:08:14   Like, I think the book itself, and Carnegie very frequently gives the message of actually trying to genuinely do the things that he's suggesting, and if you don't genuinely want to do that,

00:08:30   they won't work, and I think that that is a really good framing of, like, you actually have to want to listen to what someone tells you.

00:08:40   Like, you can't just pretend that.

00:08:41   You know, there's a lot of that in the book of, like, you can more effectively bring someone around to your way of thinking if you actually care about them, listen to them, and want to hear what they have to say.

00:08:51   And if you're not willing to actually do that, then you will not be able to get through to them.

00:08:57   And so, like, I think there's a lot of that in this book, which I appreciate.

00:09:00   And so, I think that maybe in a modern context, I don't know how it was felt at the time, I'm not sure that the title gives the affability that the book itself contains.

00:09:11   See, I actually think the title is perfect.

00:09:13   I think it is a representation of the book.

00:09:17   Okay.

00:09:17   And, like, my feeling is a little bit more complicated about this book.

00:09:22   Again, basically, in my own history of reading this, I feel like, oh, when I was in high school and read it for the first time, there's a way in which this book is, I think you can kind of compress a lot of it down to a manual about basic politeness in human interactions in normal circumstances.

00:09:39   And that is something that I would say, high school me, definitely needed, right?

00:09:44   I was just like, hey, did you try it this way instead of being, like, the most abrasive version of yourself possible?

00:09:50   It's like, oh, that might work better.

00:09:52   And it's like, yeah, definitely needed that message.

00:09:54   So, I think there is a lot good in this book.

00:09:56   I like this book.

00:09:57   I would recommend this book.

00:09:58   I also think of everything that we have read on the show so far, it is clearly the most approachable of all of the books.

00:10:06   Like, I could recommend this to a normal person and they could read it and get something out of it.

00:10:10   Whereas most of the books, like, unless you have a specific thing you're trying to get out of it, they're just, like, unbearable.

00:10:16   However, the book exists on this real knife's edge for me where – it's why I mentioned this, like, golly gee Americana Midwest thing is, like, if you are taking the book in that mode, I think it is very good.

00:10:31   As you said there, Dale Carnegie is spending a lot of work trying to reframe your mind from this is not a bag of tricks.

00:10:39   This is a new way of life.

00:10:41   A way of life that is filled with, like, a lot of gratitude and appreciation.

00:10:44   And it's, like, I think that's all great.

00:10:46   But nonetheless, it exists on this knife's edge where I kept finding, like, in little moments, if you can't hold the world that way in your brain, it just falls into just, like, unbearably cynical take on humanity in a way that it doesn't intend to at all.

00:11:04   But through the examples, like, kind of does come across.

00:11:07   So when you say, like, ah, the title, like, how to win friends and influence people, I think the title is perfect because it can be both things.

00:11:16   It can be this, like, really genuine, like, how do you influence people in a positive way?

00:11:21   How do you win friends in a positive way?

00:11:24   But also, nonetheless, even though this is advocating, like, a real genuine approach to human interaction, it still is a bag of tricks that, like, actually can work a bunch.

00:11:37   And he has examples that, like, run counter to the genuineness, like, all through it.

00:11:43   And it's, like, those ones are particularly jarring sometimes to come across of, like, ah, everything's really, really friendly.

00:11:50   But then there is some example which just kind of makes my stomach turn to be, like, oh, that's not being genuine about liking people at all.

00:12:00   Like, that is straight up manipulating people to get what you want.

00:12:04   It's, like, don't love it.

00:12:05   So that's how I kept, like, feeling through the book is, like, oh, there's parts of this I really love, as with many of these books, especially in the beginning.

00:12:12   It's, like, ah, the first two chapters are, like, great.

00:12:15   I was just about to say, even this one, right?

00:12:18   So, like, it's broken down into four sections, fundamental techniques in handling people, six ways to make people like you, how to win people to your way of thinking, and be a leader, how to change people without giving offense or arousing resentment.

00:12:30   And the first two is, like, 80% of what's good in this book.

00:12:35   Yeah.

00:12:35   And especially once you get to the leader stuff, that's where I felt like it really turns with some of the examples.

00:12:40   Because it's, like, functionally, it's, like, you're trying to get stuff out of people, and they don't always want to give it to you.

00:12:46   And then, like, it's not that he's wrong, but it's where the charming style runs up against a certain kind of pragmatism.

00:12:54   And that's where it can feel like a kind of cynicism of, like, oh, actually, you want to convince yourself that you're being very charming and genuine about these interactions in order to make the trick work better.

00:13:04   But that's part of the trick.

00:13:06   I was like, oh, I don't love that.

00:13:08   Don't love that at all.

00:13:08   Well, I think that this is actually, realistically, to be fair to Dale Carnegie, a problem with leading teams, leading people.

00:13:16   Leadership is inherently lying at certain points.

00:13:22   Like, to be a good leader means you are shielding people, right?

00:13:26   To be a good leader, you are trying to encourage people to do something indirectly.

00:13:32   Like, there's a lot of deception in leadership if it's being done, quote, unquote, correctly.

00:13:38   And I think people may hear that and be like, oh, no, I want my manager to be honest with me.

00:13:43   No, you don't.

00:13:43   No, you don't.

00:13:43   Because the types of managers you don't like are the ones that are honest with you.

00:13:48   Like, the managers who put on you the pressure they are receiving, they are the bad managers.

00:13:54   They are not encouraging people to work for a reason other than hitting target, right?

00:13:59   Like, being an effective leader is filtering the bad, right?

00:14:04   And encouraging people to work.

00:14:07   And, like, that is in here, right?

00:14:09   That is all throughout it.

00:14:10   But that does actually run counter to what comes earlier in the book, which is all, like, genuine, earnest stuff.

00:14:19   Where, like, later on in the book, it's like, what if you, instead of saying the thing you actually feel, what if, like, you sugarcoat something significantly to something?

00:14:28   You know, like, there's a lot of that in there.

00:14:30   So that is helpful, I think, if you're in that mode, but it's not what really spoke to me from this book, anyway.

00:14:37   Because I feel like this kind of stuff, that leadership stuff, you know that.

00:14:40   Like, if you've been in these roles, you know that's what it takes.

00:14:43   And then you as a person can decide if you're willing to do that or not.

00:14:47   And I think those kinds of principles are what makes, quote, going into management so difficult for some people, right?

00:14:54   Of, like, I don't want to be this wall where, you know, all the crap running downhill and it stops with me.

00:15:01   A lot of people want to pass it on because they don't want to have to just take all that.

00:15:05   But that's kind of what leadership is.

00:15:07   And I think the book kind of reflects that.

00:15:09   Well, the real fundamental problem for Dale Carnegie and for the book is in life, the way humans are, there is a fundamental tradeoff between two things, social cohesion and truth-telling.

00:15:26   There is just no getting around that, that in big and small ways, if you, like, turn up the dial on certain kinds of truth-telling, it decreases social cohesion.

00:15:39   Like, that's why when I say, oh, high school me needed this, is high school me, like a lot of annoying high schoolers, is, like, was very dialed up on, like, I'm just going to say things the way they are.

00:15:50   Like, even when it was, like, massively unhelpful to my own goals, it's like, oh, because what was I doing?

00:15:56   I was causing problems in, like, social cohesion in pointless ways that are accomplishing nothing.

00:16:03   But that fundamental tradeoff just always exists.

00:16:08   And so this book is a great antidote and very helpful if someone is dialed up on, like, truth-telling versus, like, the social cohesion side.

00:16:18   But that is what the fundamental tradeoff is.

00:16:21   And, like, every time I don't like an example, that's the part that's sticking with me is, like, this unacknowledged tradeoff.

00:16:29   And again, like, I'm using the phrase truth-telling because I'm trying to say something gentler than lying.

00:16:35   Like, he's not asking you even to lie in many circumstances.

00:16:38   But there is a way of, like, simply not saying something that is true, right?

00:16:43   That's what I mean by, like, holding back on truth-telling to, like, encourage social cohesion is, like, a different thing from lying.

00:16:50   And even a lot of the examples in the beginning, fundamentally, that is the lesson is, like, hold back on a truth-telling.

00:16:58   You don't need to say everything that's in your head.

00:17:01   Now, again, generally, that's, like, very good advice if you're trying to get along in the world, which is why I do really like the title, like, How to Win Friends and Influence People.

00:17:11   But I feel like there's two unspoken conflicts in the book, and that is the first unspoken conflict, that you cannot have both of these things, truth-telling and social cohesion.

00:17:24   And there's, like, another tradeoff that I feel is kind of unacknowledged in the book that we get to, like, straight away.

00:17:29   But otherwise, like, again, it's very good as long as you keep that in mind of, like, that is what is happening.

00:17:35   He's trying to, like, help you with social cohesion.

00:17:39   But you have to acknowledge it's turning down some other part of your brain.

00:17:43   Yeah, I mean, like, a good example of this is attending a family gathering, and your uncle's saying some mad conspiracy theory, and you have a choice, right?

00:17:55   Yeah.

00:17:56   Where you can just go, like, yes, Uncle Pete, or you can challenge Uncle Pete.

00:18:00   Now, if you challenge Uncle Pete to what you believe is the truth, you've now upset the rest of the afternoon, right?

00:18:08   And I think people can understand that, but I agree with you.

00:18:12   Like, it is at odds in the book.

00:18:13   Yeah.

00:18:14   I'm just, like, very keenly aware of this, of, like, oh, what did this book change in me?

00:18:18   Which I think was, like, again, mostly good.

00:18:20   And I'm going to be talking now about, like, mostly normal social situations.

00:18:24   But I think this book is responsible for a certain way that, like, I fixed something about myself when I was younger of I can be in conversation with someone who disagrees with me and not, like, constantly have to bring it up to that person that I disagree with them.

00:18:42   That was something that I was just very bad at young.

00:18:45   And I think, like, this book fixed that.

00:18:47   Like, it really did.

00:18:48   But what is the byproduct of that that I'm often aware of is that when I am talking to people, again, if I'm in, like, normal social mode, I am extremely aware of how the other person thinks I agree with them much more than I actually do.

00:19:05   It's because you notice, like, oh, people just aren't asking follow-up questions, right?

00:19:08   So there is a certain kind of way of it's, like, ah, I'm making this situation socially cohesive.

00:19:13   But I don't like that holding back of truth-telling because it leaves the other person with the feeling that, like, oh, you agree with them much more than they do.

00:19:22   The family getting together and someone's telling conspiracy theories thing is, like, a perfect example of in those moments when someone doesn't hear disagreement, if you ask them follow-up questions about, like,

00:19:35   what they think is happening, you will realize very quickly, like, oh, they think that people who aren't actively disagreeing with them are agreeing with them.

00:19:43   And it's just, like, a strange phenomenon, like, once you tune into it, that, like, oh, people will take the most, like, mild of, like, seemingly sounding affirmation kind of statements as agreement.

00:19:56   And it's like, ooh, I don't love that, but this is just the way the world works.

00:20:01   This episode of Cortex is brought to you by Squarespace, the all-in-one website platform designed to help you stand out and succeed online.

00:20:09   Whether you're just starting out or scaling your business, Squarespace gives you everything you need to claim your domain, showcase your offerings of a professional website, grow your brand, and get paid all in one place.

00:20:20   With Squarespace, you can make the most of Blueprint AI, Squarespace's AI-enhanced website builder, that lets you quickly and easily build a site that is bespoke to your business.

00:20:31   You just input some basic information about your industry and your goals.

00:20:34   Plus, we already know and love Squarespace for their professionally designed and award-winning website templates.

00:20:40   However you start, you'll have beautiful design options, no experience required.

00:20:44   This has been my favorite thing and the main reason why I have used Squarespace for over 15 years.

00:20:49   They make it so easy to make a wonderful-looking website and they have so many wonderful tools.

00:20:54   Like, you can go in and tweak it to your heart's content like I do, but it's easy.

00:20:58   You choose the fonts that you want.

00:21:00   You choose the colors that you want.

00:21:01   You can drag and drop things around and really make your site your own.

00:21:05   Once you've got your site out to the world, you want people to find it and you can get discovered fast with integrated SEO tools.

00:21:12   Nobody wants to build a beautiful website for nobody to see it.

00:21:15   That's why every Squarespace website is optimized to be indexed with meta descriptions, an auto-generated sitemap and more, so more people find your site through search engine results.

00:21:25   Go and check it out for yourself today by going to squarespace.com slash cortex and you can sign up for a free trial.

00:21:45   When you're ready to launch, use the offer code cortex to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

00:21:51   That is squarespace.com slash cortex with the offer code cortex to get 10% off your first purchase and show your support for the show.

00:21:58   A thanks to Squarespace for the continued support of this show and all of Relay.

00:22:02   So the first set of principles, the first section is fundamental techniques in handling people.

00:22:09   And there are three principles here, which is don't criticize, condemn, or complain, give honest and sincere appreciation, and arouse in the other person an eager want.

00:22:20   All of these things are just like a great start in this book.

00:22:23   Essentially, what the book and what Carnegie is asking you to do here is to try and meet people where they are, right?

00:22:32   When you're having conversations with people, listen to them and get involved with them and try not to criticize people.

00:22:42   He is almost asking for you to become an affable person.

00:22:46   Yeah, he is.

00:22:46   100%.

00:22:47   To like join him in that.

00:22:49   It's established earlier in the book, and I think comes throughout the book, which is something that I have learned in my many ways of managing and dealing with people in a professional context over the years.

00:23:03   Is that essentially, one of the only ways you can ever get anybody to ever do something for you is to make them want to do it themselves.

00:23:12   And there's a quote that's in the book from Charles Schwab, which is,

00:23:15   I consider my ability to arouse enthusiasm among my people the greatest asset I possess, and the way to develop the best that is in a person is by appreciation and encouragement.

00:23:26   I think that is just like a good way to think about it.

00:23:28   It's like you've got to be able to encourage people to want to do something, make them feel important, and make them feel like the work they are doing is important if they work with you or for you.

00:23:39   There's a section that sort of redoubles down on that point, which I like as a kind of more actionable interpretation of this, where he's talking about you should try to notice where other people derive their feeling of importance from.

00:23:52   That, to me, is just like, ah, what a clear way to try to think about this, is like, notice the way they talk, notice what they're talking about, how they refer to themselves.

00:24:04   Like, you're trying to key into where does this person derive their sense of importance from, and how, like, that tells you a ton about the person.

00:24:14   Like, it gives you a lot of insight into, like, how they're framing their life and how they're thinking about things.

00:24:20   Where do they put that locus?

00:24:23   Is it, like, in their business life?

00:24:25   Is it in their family life?

00:24:27   Is it in, like, something else?

00:24:28   Is it in something, like, they're achieving well in terms of a hobby or, like, whatever it is.

00:24:33   But almost everyone is going to have something that is, like, the center of how they define their own feeling of importance.

00:24:41   And, like, that is really a key thing to tune into when you're talking to people.

00:24:45   Like, from a professional context, and I will talk a little bit later on about how I'm thinking of applying this book in a personal context.

00:24:53   But in a professional context, one of the things that you're talking about, about, like, the important stuff, is you need to find ways to give people genuine, honest appreciation.

00:25:06   And this is something that I have been trying harder and harder at anyway.

00:25:12   Like, this is something that I'd kind of clued into a number of years ago about working with people.

00:25:17   This is the thing that I learned much more in my self-employed professional life as, I think, kind of a reflection on my corporate professional life.

00:25:26   Where I did spend many years in management and didn't do very well at it because I was too young and didn't have very good social skills at that point.

00:25:34   But people really like genuine appreciation and to be made to feel like their work is valued.

00:25:40   And it is very important in your professional relationships that you find the things that somebody is doing well and tell them they're doing it well.

00:25:51   Yeah.

00:25:51   I know that it might sound obvious, but it isn't.

00:25:56   Like, sometimes, you know, someone's working on something for you and maybe they're not doing the exact job that you want them to do.

00:26:04   Now, it's easy for you to then be like, you're not doing that right.

00:26:07   But that works not as well as being able to tell someone kind of what they do well and ask them to try and apply that to this other thing.

00:26:17   Like, that is a much more effective way of getting somebody to change the way that they're doing something is to help them understand why they're good.

00:26:26   And can they be as good at this thing as they are at the other thing?

00:26:30   I was laughing because I was thinking of, again, all the books that we've read.

00:26:34   There's always this way where you can take a book and condense it down into five, like, incredibly obvious statements.

00:26:40   Like, this book is the truest form of that.

00:26:43   Like, the statements are like, listen to people when they talk.

00:26:48   Like, praise them for doing good things.

00:26:51   But as with all of these things, it's like the sequence of words and the vector by which they are delivered, like, critically matters.

00:26:59   And I think, like, this book is good at actually trying to get you to think about what this means.

00:27:05   And the truth is also, like, you can just see it in the world that, like, these are very obvious statements.

00:27:12   But the vast majority of people do not follow these ideas almost all the time in almost every single interaction.

00:27:20   And, like, it does have negative consequences.

00:27:23   But he said, like, the most obvious one, which, again, I remember this really stuck in my head.

00:27:28   But it's like, he just makes the comment of how, like, oh, most people go through life and when they like something, they don't say anything at all.

00:27:36   And when they don't like it, they say things a thousand times.

00:27:40   Like, just think about that in your interactions with people.

00:27:42   Like, praise people for them doing the thing that you like them to do.

00:27:47   It's so obvious, but it is a thing that, like, I catch in myself all the time of, like, trying to remember and do that.

00:27:53   Like, oh, when someone does something right, notice and say so.

00:27:57   Like, don't just give them negative feedback all the time.

00:28:01   It's, like, the most basic advice ever.

00:28:03   But it really helps to, like, hear it in the format of this book.

00:28:07   Obviously, that stuck out to me in a different way.

00:28:11   Like, as a content creator, right?

00:28:13   Where, like, in the inverse, you are much more likely to hear from people who are unhappy with a thing that you did or a way that you did something than you are to hear from all the people that really liked it because they just won't tell you.

00:28:25   Yeah.

00:28:26   And, like, that principle exists in something that Dale Carnegie could never have imagined.

00:28:31   Like, YouTube.

00:28:33   You know what I mean?

00:28:34   Like, and it's very funny because I think it speaks to the reason this book works is that it is so first principle kind of stuff.

00:28:43   Yeah.

00:28:44   Right?

00:28:44   Like, it is very basic interpersonal relationships, even if those interpersonal relationships in a modern context aren't actually interpersonal.

00:28:55   Like, they are separated in some way.

00:28:57   There's a whole section where he talks about, it's like, hey, if you're just really mad, it's okay to do the thing where you write the first version of the letter of, like, I'm so mad about you for doing whatever.

00:29:07   Like, and you put it in your desk drawer and, like, wait two days.

00:29:10   It's also very funny.

00:29:11   He's like, any correspondence can wait two days.

00:29:13   And it's like, yeah, I bet in 1936 it could.

00:29:15   It's only, like, 5% of the time it takes to get the thing from somewhere to somewhere else.

00:29:20   Yeah.

00:29:21   It's like, it doesn't matter at all.

00:29:22   I highlighted that section.

00:29:23   I made the note.

00:29:24   It's like, oh, it's just very funny because this is just, like, the old-timey version of, like, hey, maybe just, like, put your tweets in a draft folder and, like, give it an hour and think about it later.

00:29:35   And you'll probably realize you shouldn't do that.

00:29:37   Well, the thing that I do so much is, like, write the email and then before I finished it, just delete it and close it.

00:29:43   You know, it's just like, I got it out now.

00:29:45   Yeah.

00:29:45   But I'm never going to send this.

00:29:47   But it's like, what works about this is, I think it's why some of the modernizations don't work, is when you are thinking about old physical tools, it just gets in your brain very clearly.

00:29:57   Like, you can just visualize what is this thing versus when someone's describing, like, what happens on the computer.

00:30:03   It's just way more abstract.

00:30:04   I think your brain just likes it less.

00:30:06   And I think this is why I was, like, impossibly charmed by all of the old examples of whatever.

00:30:11   Everything is letters.

00:30:13   Yeah, imagining him sitting down and using a typewriter is way more fun than him poking at an iPhone.

00:30:18   Yeah, exactly.

00:30:19   And it's more evocative of a different time.

00:30:22   But I think that, again, like, that kind of slowness does help kind of instill the imagery of the book.

00:30:28   Yeah, it really does.

00:30:29   So going back to just what we were saying before about the book, it's like, principle one and principle two is the core.

00:30:34   Core of the book of, like, don't criticize all the time with the first thing that pops into your head.

00:30:40   And then give people honest and sincere appreciation, which he spends a lot of time on, again, being like, the skill you're trying to develop here is a certain kind of noticing.

00:30:52   Pay attention to the things that they can do, pay attention to the things that they can do well, pay attention to the things that are going right, and actually compliment them on that.

00:31:00   Notice where people feel like they get their sense of importance from and pay specific attention to that.

00:31:07   But to me, like, the key book is this one little section where he's trying to, like, head off cynicism.

00:31:14   And so after going through these ideas, he brings up the concept of, like, flattery.

00:31:20   And he's talking about how, like, some people are using flattery.

00:31:23   He's talking about, like, Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli again, like these old-timey examples.

00:31:27   I really like it.

00:31:28   But the two things that are highlighted, which are, like, one section of the book can compress down to, is he says, like, the difference between appreciation and flattery is simple.

00:31:38   One is sincere.

00:31:39   The other is insincere.

00:31:41   One comes from the heart out.

00:31:44   The other the teeth out.

00:31:46   One is unselfish.

00:31:48   The other selfish.

00:31:49   One is universally admired.

00:31:51   The other condemned.

00:31:52   But, man, do I love that phrasing of, like, one thing comes from the heart.

00:31:56   The other comes from the teeth.

00:31:59   What a great way to try to summarize the difference.

00:32:02   And then he says, like, he's trying to train you out of the idea of flattery.

00:32:07   He's talking about, like, a new way of life, which is genuinely trying to appreciate people more.

00:32:13   And I just think that is so good as, like, an actual thing to focus on.

00:32:19   Like, really try to do this.

00:32:21   It's like, what a surprise.

00:32:22   This is completely aligned with everything that we've ever talked about with gratitude,

00:32:26   which is just very well demonstrated to, like, improve your well-being, improve the well-being of people around you.

00:32:33   That's what he's trying to do is, like, get you to focus on this.

00:32:38   And it's not about flattery.

00:32:41   It's about genuinely liking something about the other person and commenting on it or praising them about it.

00:32:47   I love all of that.

00:32:49   And I could also say, like, comma, but the advice compresses down to be genuinely better at liking people.

00:32:55   It's like, that's not incorrect advice, but it's sort of starting from the end in many ways of, like, yeah, people who do genuinely like people make lots of friends and influence them.

00:33:08   And it's like, there's definitely a slider where, for lots of people, this is just, like, a totally natural thing.

00:33:13   And, like, for other people, this is just very, very hard.

00:33:17   And it's, like, difficult to move them on that front.

00:33:19   So I both like it, but also feel like it's almost axiomatic in a way.

00:33:26   And, like, a statement that is simultaneously extremely helpful and also unhelpful at the exact same time because it's just saying what the conclusion is.

00:33:34   But I still think it's good.

00:33:35   Like, I like this framing and I know that this framing had a real impact on me to, like, change something about interactions with people.

00:33:43   I think that section two, which is six ways to make people like you, help with section one.

00:33:50   Because, like, one of the things you're saying is, like, to best handle people and to best win friends and influence people, you have to be able to take a genuine interest in people.

00:34:02   And the first principle is don't criticize, condemn, or complain.

00:34:06   It's too easy to criticize, condemn, or complain about someone if you don't actually like them.

00:34:12   Right?

00:34:12   And so to be able to not do that, you have to be able to more easily like people.

00:34:19   And I think section two, while that is framed as ways to make people like you, I think that it inherently will also do the opposite.

00:34:33   So, like, some of the things in this section are about you becoming genuinely interested in other people, being a good listener, that kind of stuff.

00:34:44   And I think that what that does, if you really lean into it, is lowers your kind of tolerance threshold for people.

00:34:54   Like, if you decide that you genuinely want to listen to people, understand them, and become interested in them,

00:35:05   I think you're more willing to let go of their foibles, meaning that you are then less likely to criticize, condemn, or complain about them.

00:35:14   Right?

00:35:15   So I think that these two do go pretty hand in hand.

00:35:19   Oh, yeah.

00:35:20   Yeah.

00:35:20   Because, like, the thing for section two, chapter one, the actual thing he's trying to say there is, become genuinely interested in other people.

00:35:27   Right?

00:35:27   It's like, even has a line which I highlighted, which I feel like, again, the book can be like, these is like one of the few lines of the whole book.

00:35:33   It's like, you can make more friends in two months by becoming interested in other people than you can in two years of trying to get people to be interested in you.

00:35:40   It's like, 100% true, very obvious statement, but also, very few people act like that's true.

00:35:49   Everyone's trying to get other people interested in them, and basically, no one is going around being genuinely interested in other people.

00:35:56   And the few people who do that, shock, surprise, like, they can be very popular.

00:35:59   Being genuinely interested in people is one of the most important qualities someone can possess.

00:36:04   I find this to be very interesting, and I think also very complicated, like, to put into practice.

00:36:13   And this is kind of what Carnegie is talking about, which is, like, just inherently, the thing that we all care about most in the world is ourselves.

00:36:21   And that in new interactions with people, you're more likely to want to talk about your successes, to try and impress them.

00:36:30   But actually, one of the ways that you could truly impress someone is by not.

00:36:35   Yeah.

00:36:35   I don't remember there being anything particular in this book about, like, impressing other people, but it is a total truism that the more you try to impress people, the less impressed they are.

00:36:47   This is why people hate things like name-dropping or, like, talking about your accomplishments.

00:36:52   You're so transparently trying to get people to be impressed with you or interested in you.

00:36:58   And it's just completely off-putting.

00:37:00   Nobody likes it.

00:37:01   Everybody hates it.

00:37:02   But it's still, like, so hard for people not to do because you feel like, I want to tell people what's great.

00:37:09   And it's like, no, no one's interested.

00:37:11   They're just interested in themselves, which, again, is one of those moments where, like, the book tips over into, like, the slight cynicism.

00:37:18   It's like, oh, right.

00:37:19   This book works because almost no one is genuinely interested in other people.

00:37:24   Almost everyone is just interested in themselves.

00:37:28   I think, like, for me, one of the things that this book has been helpful is filling in the other half of the point.

00:37:34   So, like, because of what I do for a living, when I meet new people, I don't really like to talk about what I do because I get a bit embarrassed about it in a way.

00:37:44   Like, I have a weird job.

00:37:46   And, like, I like to talk about what I do because I care about it.

00:37:49   But I don't like to, like, in my first meeting with someone really, like, you know, this is all the stuff that I do.

00:37:55   And, like, I feel weird about it.

00:37:57   The thing that I have not been very good at, especially in, I don't know, maybe the last 10 years, is the second part, which is instead of me talking about myself, which I don't really want to do, is to actually ask a person about themselves.

00:38:11   And this is something that I've been doing a little bit more recently and, like, really genuinely trying to focus on what someone's telling me and ask them questions about the job that they have, about whatever it is.

00:38:26   And I've found that if I'm really, like, locked in, it's an interesting conversation.

00:38:32   But, like, you've got to commit to it.

00:38:34   Yeah.

00:38:35   If you get me started, right, I will just naturally list off a whole set of accomplishments.

00:38:40   But I don't ever want to go in that way, right, because I feel weird about it.

00:38:45   If somebody asks me, then I'll tell them things.

00:38:47   Yeah.

00:38:48   But I don't really like to talk about what I do for a living to new people, right?

00:38:51   Like, I have an awkward job that, like, a lot of people don't really understand.

00:38:55   So it's, like, it takes a lot to set up.

00:38:56   Like, we spoke about on the show before, many times over the years, like, what do you tell people you do for a living?

00:39:03   And we've both kind of, like, tried to find ways to explain what we do that isn't actually what we do.

00:39:08   So, like, I like to try and hide that.

00:39:11   But then I've not been very good at, like, pressing on someone to tell me things about themselves.

00:39:16   And so I liked that about this book.

00:39:18   I was like, no, just be an interested, nice person and just ask questions to someone, you know?

00:39:23   In my brain, I have a word for this, which I think of as, like, the flip, which is you're in a conversation with someone.

00:39:29   And the conversation is focused on you.

00:39:33   I'm always thinking, like, how fast can I get to the flip?

00:39:37   I want to flip this back to them.

00:39:40   And, again, I feel like I got this straight from this book.

00:39:43   But the thing that makes the flip successful is if you are, like, actually interested in, like, drilling down into something about the other person, it never gets flipped back.

00:39:55   Like, once you can do a successful flip, you are home free for them asking questions about you the moment you, like, flip and engage with whatever it is it seems like they most want to talk about.

00:40:07   They will never be like, wait, what do you do again?

00:40:10   It's like, it is amazing.

00:40:11   Like, if you could pull it off, like, just never any follow-up questions about your own life the moment you've, like, found how to flip the conversation.

00:40:18   Yeah, I actually did this recently where I was talking with someone and they asked me what I did and I said that I was in podcasting.

00:40:25   And they mentioned a show, like, a podcast that they like that I also like called The Restless History.

00:40:30   And I was like, great.

00:40:31   And then we had a 45-minute conversation about that podcast and not all about me anymore.

00:40:36   Yeah, exactly.

00:40:37   It was just a more interesting conversation for the two of us because it was, like, a shared thing that we both cared about as opposed to me being, like, so I make shows about technology and, you know.

00:40:48   Yeah.

00:40:49   This is where, again, the book exists on this funny, like, cynicism side to me because it still is the same thing of, oh, don't have a bag of tricks.

00:41:07   This does only work if you're actually interested in what the other person is saying because if you're not, like, I like your phrase locked in.

00:41:14   Like, if you're not locked into what the other person is saying, you will not be able to have follow-up questions that, like, keep the thing going.

00:41:21   But ultimately, like, performing the flip does feel like, oh, it's a trick.

00:41:26   Like, I'm pulling some kind of trick.

00:41:28   I'm intentionally locked into this person to be, like, generating follow-up questions.

00:41:34   The reason I'm doing this is because I don't want them to ask any questions about me and I know that this will work.

00:41:40   But it can just kind of feel bad sometimes because it will also just, like, leave the person with the impression of, like, I'm significantly more interested in them than I actually am on lots of circumstances.

00:41:53   I was like, oh, I just don't love it, but it nonetheless is a better conversational experience for both of us.

00:42:01   It's better than the alternative, but it does have that, like, dual feeling sometimes.

00:42:05   Yeah, I will read to you from my notes for principle four, which is be a good listener, encourage others to talk about themselves.

00:42:12   I wrote, people like to talk about themselves and will gladly do so without much prompting.

00:42:17   This will make people like you if you're able to be actually interested and engaged.

00:42:21   I can feel what I think is the cynicism in this book, that you can basically get people to like you more if you let them talk about themselves.

00:42:28   I guess this is human nature, but it's interesting to see it laid so bare.

00:42:32   It oscillates, this cynicism.

00:42:36   And, like, I don't think Carnegie never really calls it out.

00:42:40   I'm not sure if he's aware of it.

00:42:42   Like, I don't know, right?

00:42:44   But, like, it is cynical.

00:42:46   There's one example which, like, I remember reading this for the first time, and it really struck me in high school, because it has that dual feeling, but it totally works.

00:42:55   I'm just going to read this.

00:42:57   This is an example of, like, talking about this thing.

00:43:01   So, when I was eight years old and was spending a weekend visiting my Aunt Libby at her home in Stratford, a middle-aged man called one evening, and after a polite skirmish with my aunt, he devoted his attention to me.

00:43:12   At that time, I happened to be excited about boats, and the visitor discussed the subject in a way that seemed particularly interesting.

00:43:18   After he left, I spoke of him with enthusiasm.

00:43:21   What a man!

00:43:22   My aunt informed me that he was a New York lawyer, that he cared nothing whatsoever about boats, that he took not the slightest interest in the subject.

00:43:31   But why, then, did he talk to me the entire time about boats?

00:43:35   Because, said my aunt, he is a gentleman.

00:43:38   He saw you were interested in boats, and he talked about boats because he knew it would interest and please you.

00:43:44   He made himself agreeable.

00:43:46   Again, it's like, it's not wrong, but there's something there where I feel like that is just so laid out as transactional.

00:43:53   Of like, ah, you, young child, liked this lawyer, but he doesn't care at all about your dumb child hobbies.

00:44:02   He has, like, a whole adult life that he's living.

00:44:05   He was just being nice to you, comma, idiot.

00:44:08   Like, why didn't you understand that?

00:44:10   It just feels so mean.

00:44:13   This is also the beginning of a plot point in every sitcom, of like, guy tells boss he likes boats, and next thing he knows, he's on a boat trip.

00:44:22   Yeah, like, I remember that one really hitting me in the original version.

00:44:26   And the moment when I read this one, I was like, oh, no, it's the boat story again.

00:44:30   For me, it's like, everything is awful about it.

00:44:33   It's like, it's the fact that the person is a child.

00:44:35   It's also like, oh, I do this with children.

00:44:39   Like, when you're interacting with children, like, you know, you're talking to them about, like, whatever it is, but some part of your brain is, like, running this background process of, like, I don't actually care about this at all.

00:44:48   But, like, this kid thinks I'm very interested.

00:44:50   It's like, oh, I'm making myself agreeable.

00:44:53   It's the correct thing to do, but, like, dot, dot, dot.

00:44:58   Yeah, I don't know.

00:44:59   I just, I really hate this example, and it, like, struck me so hard again the second time.

00:45:03   It's like, there's nothing to argue with here.

00:45:05   I just, I don't like it.

00:45:07   And functionally, again, it's turning down a kind of truth dial to be like, ah, kid, I don't care about boats.

00:45:14   I'm not interested at all.

00:45:15   Oh, no, I hate it.

00:45:18   This episode is brought to you by FitBod.

00:45:20   If you're looking to change your fitness level, it can be hard to know where to get started, which is why I want to let you know FitBod, it is both an easy and affordable way to build a fitness plan that is made just for you, because that's what you need.

00:45:31   Everybody has their own path with fitness, which is why FitBod uses data and experience to make sure that they customize things to suit you perfectly.

00:45:39   Every workout will adapt as you improve.

00:45:42   They're all going to remain challenging.

00:45:44   FitBod pushes you to make the progress that you want.

00:45:47   FitBod tracks your muscle fatigue and recovery as you're doing your workouts and uses this information to design a well-balanced workout routine that is made for you.

00:45:55   This also means you're not going to get bored.

00:45:56   The app is going to mix up the workouts that you're doing, which I think is fantastic.

00:46:01   I hate it when the things are just over and over and over again and doing the same seven workouts.

00:46:05   That's not for me.

00:46:05   I like that FitBod keeps me on my toes.

00:46:08   FitBod tracks your muscle recovery.

00:46:10   You'll be avoiding burnout, keeping up your momentum.

00:46:13   They build the best possible workouts by combining AI with exercise science.

00:46:17   They have analyzed billions of data points that have been fine-tuned by certified personal trainers.

00:46:22   FitBod knows that you will see superior results when a workout program is tailored to meet you exactly.

00:46:28   That's why they have your FitBod gym profile, which has your information about your body, your experience, the equipment that you have, your environment, and your goals.

00:46:36   I love FitBod's videos, too, so they have more than 1,000 demonstration videos in the app, so you can feel confident that you're going to be learning every movement the right way.

00:46:45   Your muscles, when they work together with the entire musculoskeletal system, you will get the best results when they're working in concert.

00:46:53   Overworking some while underworking others can impact your results negatively, which is why FitBod does so much work to give you that balanced workout.

00:47:00   The app is easy to use, and it integrates with your Apple Watch, Wear OS, SmartWatch, and other apps that you might use, like Strava, Fitbit, and Apple Health.

00:47:08   Personalized training of this quality can be expensive.

00:47:10   FitBod is just $12.99 a month, or $79.99 a year, but you can get 25% off your membership by signing up at fitbod.me.cortex.

00:47:20   That is F-I-T-B-O-D.me.cortex.

00:47:23   Go there now and get your customized fitness plan.

00:47:25   You'll get 25% off your membership by going to fitbod.me.cortex.

00:47:29   Our thanks to FitBod for the support of this show and Relay.

00:47:32   So principle three is about remembering people's names and using their names.

00:47:39   Oh, man.

00:47:40   Yeah.

00:47:40   Uh-huh.

00:47:40   Uh-huh.

00:47:41   I see that.

00:47:42   Like, it's important to remember someone's name, but I'm so bad at remembering names.

00:47:45   Like, I really try.

00:47:46   I do not believe, for me, this is a lack of desire or interest.

00:47:49   I just struggle to remember names.

00:47:51   But the example that I find funny is, so Dale Carnegie talks so often in this book about Andrew Carnegie.

00:47:59   They are not related.

00:48:01   Yeah, I know.

00:48:02   It's very confusing.

00:48:03   They are not related at all.

00:48:04   Andrew Carnegie, Carnegie Hall, right?

00:48:06   Like, that Andrew Carnegie.

00:48:08   And it's like, could you not have picked someone else?

00:48:11   Anyone else.

00:48:12   To talk about.

00:48:12   Yeah.

00:48:13   Please.

00:48:13   Because you mentioned there are a bunch of people who mentioned this a bunch of times through this book.

00:48:17   Why?

00:48:17   Why talk about Andrew Carnegie so much and never acknowledge it?

00:48:21   Do you want people to think you're related?

00:48:23   Like, I don't know.

00:48:24   But it's like, the whole time, like, oh, okay.

00:48:27   Like, I also had this thing, which I'm sure many people do when they read this book, of like, is this the Carnegie of Carnegie Hall?

00:48:33   Yeah, exactly.

00:48:33   No, it's not that one.

00:48:34   He just keeps talking about him all the time.

00:48:36   The name chapter is the thing that makes me think the most about this book, and particularly when I'm listening to podcasts, is, I don't know if this is true.

00:48:46   I think this is just a personality difference between some people, but I'm always aware in interview podcasts, some guests are very, I don't know how to say, like, name-focused.

00:48:58   So some guests will, like, call the host by their name multiple times during the show.

00:49:04   I always find that very distracting.

00:49:06   I don't like it when guests do that.

00:49:09   I think it kind of pops some sort of bubble that I'm just, like, in the room listening to the conversation the moment the guest, like, says the host's name.

00:49:18   But I feel like you could do some, like, linguistical analysis of every interview that's ever been conducted on a podcast.

00:49:25   And if someone says the host's name once, it's, like, 90% chance they're going to say it, like, five more times.

00:49:31   And I always feel like, oh, I know it's coming.

00:49:33   They're going to be one of these people who's, like, every time they're, like, Mike, Mike, Mike, like, Mike, Mike, right?

00:49:38   What do you think?

00:49:39   And it, like, it drives me crazy, and it, like, every time, it always makes me think they read How to Win Friends and Influence People, where he has the chapter.

00:49:49   The way that he summarizes it at the end just makes me want to throw up, but I think it's true.

00:49:54   He's like, principle three, remember that a person's name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.

00:50:03   This is the worst-named principle in the book.

00:50:07   Oh, for sure.

00:50:08   It's true, I think.

00:50:09   Like, I think that he's not talking on something that isn't true, but it's like, my word, you're laying that one on thick.

00:50:15   I think he lays it on thick here, again, because it is deeply, deeply true in some way.

00:50:23   But I also feel like when I read this chapter, I developed a huge allergy to this behavior in other people.

00:50:31   Like, I am just super aware of it.

00:50:34   Every time anyone calls someone else by their name in a situation where it is, like, not required.

00:50:41   I don't know.

00:50:42   I have a principle in my head that, like, names are good as a kind of punctuation.

00:50:46   Like, you want to, like, call the person's attention in a moment to a thing.

00:50:51   But there's something else where it feels like, to me, someone is using the name superfluously.

00:50:57   Like, they're using it intentionally to be like, hey, look at me saying your name.

00:51:01   And I just hate it.

00:51:03   I hate it so much.

00:51:05   But I think it works.

00:51:07   Like, I think it works on people.

00:51:08   And that's also, again, like, part of this book makes me sad of, like, oh, this principle I find particularly revolting for some reason.

00:51:16   But I'm also sure it just, like, works really well.

00:51:19   Which is the reason he lays it on so thick about, like, really pay attention to people's names.

00:51:26   Remember that every time you call someone's name, you have paid them a subtle and very effective compliment.

00:51:34   And, like, ugh.

00:51:35   Like, I just want to throw up.

00:51:38   Because, like, people want to put their name on things.

00:51:40   They want to write their name on things.

00:51:42   Dedicate buildings in their names.

00:51:45   Like, all this kind of stuff.

00:51:46   I hate it.

00:51:47   I hate it so much.

00:51:48   I bet.

00:51:49   I don't know this.

00:51:50   But I bet that this principle is the one that has been most reworked, reused, and rewritten in a thousand other self-help books.

00:51:57   Yeah.

00:51:58   So when you're referencing, like, you're hearing people say it on podcasts.

00:52:00   And I would wonder if they've read it in this book or if they picked it up from, like, a self-help course that somebody ran that they took on YouTube.

00:52:08   You know what I mean?

00:52:09   Like, this is just a thing.

00:52:10   Exactly.

00:52:10   I'm not saying it's from this book.

00:52:12   But there is just a thing where it's like, I'm absolutely certain that this person is doing it on purpose because they've come across this idea.

00:52:19   In me, it's causing some kind of same reaction like we were just talking about with when someone's bragging about their accomplishments.

00:52:25   It causes some kind of, like, very visceral, odious reaction to, like, oh, this person is manipulating the other person.

00:52:33   Which, again, is like, why?

00:52:34   How to win friends and influence people is fundamentally, like, influencing people means getting them to do what you want, not necessarily what they want.

00:52:45   And it is, like, manipulating people.

00:52:47   Principle four is about being a good listener.

00:52:50   And, you know, we've referenced it already in, like, you know, people liking to talk about themselves.

00:52:55   And, you know, that was where my comment was about the cynicism.

00:52:58   But he does touch on something that I actually really like in this section, which is that learning to listen is vital with your family.

00:53:04   But we seem more inclined to listen attentively to a complete stranger than a loved one.

00:53:08   I think a lot of people can, that resonates with a lot of people, that resonates with me.

00:53:13   I know that, you know, I can give absent-minded replies.

00:53:16   And there's something that I've developed over the years where, you know, if I'm talking to my wife, I would say, you know what, I wasn't listening to you.

00:53:24   Can you tell me what you said again?

00:53:25   Like, I do find that can be helpful.

00:53:28   But I know I'm not as good with this as I would want to be.

00:53:31   And I think that it is just an important thing to be laid bare in that way and to think about that, like, there are times when you would pay more attention to someone you have met for the first time than someone that you have devoted your life to.

00:53:45   And I think that that is, it's important to remember, I think.

00:53:50   It's an excellent point.

00:53:51   Like, the people in your life who ideally should be the most important is your family.

00:53:55   And it is the easiest to just take advantage of them socially in a bunch of ways.

00:54:01   Like, I think it is always good to try to remember, like, you still need to be polite with your family.

00:54:07   But I have a thought here, which I want to express as something like, a good, cohesive family is one where, unlike the rest of the world, you should be able to have both of the dials of, like, social cohesion and truth-telling turned up in a way that you just can't do with other people.

00:54:29   I feel like that is functionally the definition of, like, what is going on in a good family.

00:54:34   You can both be very honest and very truth-telling with each other while also maintaining social niceties and, like, families that aren't working.

00:54:45   You can see, like, oh, they're really rude.

00:54:48   Like, nobody's listening.

00:54:49   They're not paying attention to each other.

00:54:51   It's a kind of taking for grantedness.

00:54:52   I also noticed that he, like, called that out particularly in here.

00:54:56   And I almost kind of wish there was more of that because I think almost everyone can have that as, like, the really easy lesson and the really obvious lesson.

00:55:04   Like, you probably do less of this with your family than you do with strangers.

00:55:10   And just, like, be aware of that as behavior.

00:55:12   Yeah.

00:55:12   Like, I know from myself, I think that I can be impatient with loved ones.

00:55:18   You know, like, there's just like, all right, get to the end of this.

00:55:21   And I know that's something that I want to work on.

00:55:23   I don't know how, but I just think sometimes just thinking about something will help you kind of, like, disrupt your kind of patterns.

00:55:31   And so I found this one to be, just to be a good one to call out.

00:55:35   And I agree with you.

00:55:36   I would have liked more family dynamics in this book than there were.

00:55:40   But I think Carnegie does pepper these things in.

00:55:44   But I think this is the one that is called out the most clearly.

00:55:47   Yeah.

00:55:48   I also like, there's a little paragraph in this section where he briefly switches into the, what I think it was like, the Seven Ways to Maximize Misery video.

00:55:57   Where it's based on the book, like, 42 Ways to Maximize Misery.

00:56:00   Like, tell people to do the opposite and it can become very clear.

00:56:04   So he just has this one paragraph that I love where he's like, if you want to know how to make people shun you and laugh at you behind your back and even despise you, here's how.

00:56:13   Never listen to anyone for long.

00:56:15   Talk incessantly about yourself.

00:56:17   If you have an idea while the other person is talking, don't wait for them to finish.

00:56:21   Burst right in and interrupt in the middle of their sentence.

00:56:24   It's like, what, you think he's having a bad day when he wrote that part of the book?

00:56:27   Like, what's going on there?

00:56:28   You know, it's just like such a left turn.

00:56:30   This does feel like it's so different from the rest of the book that he had someone in mind when he was writing.

00:56:37   He was like, oh, John at the office is just like unbearable.

00:56:40   Right?

00:56:41   And he's like writing this down.

00:56:42   Like, if you want everyone to hate you, be just like that guy.

00:56:45   Right?

00:56:45   Boop, boop, boop, boop, boop.

00:56:47   And then the book, like, pops right back into the rest of its whole style.

00:56:50   But it is quite notable as maybe one of the only negatively framed sections in the entire book.

00:56:56   But I actually think because of that, it's good advice.

00:56:58   Like, it just makes it so clear.

00:57:00   Don't listen to people.

00:57:02   Talk about yourself all the time.

00:57:04   Interrupt them with your ideas the moment you have something pop into your head.

00:57:07   People will hate you.

00:57:09   And it's like, yep, totally true.

00:57:11   Before we move on from this section, there is a whole principle just called smile.

00:57:15   And it seems so simple.

00:57:18   And again, he says, like all these things, you've got to do it sincerely.

00:57:21   But smiling at people and smiling when talking to people, being cheerful, it will warm people to you.

00:57:31   Especially when you need something.

00:57:34   And it comes later on in principle six is make the other person feel important and do it sincerely.

00:57:41   And he references here, like, being polite and courteous.

00:57:44   Like, could I trouble you?

00:57:45   Would you please?

00:57:46   Sorry to trouble you.

00:57:47   And I think that these two things go together really nicely, which is just, if you're having an interaction with somebody, like, especially in, like, a service setting, just be nice to them.

00:57:57   And they are more likely to be nice to you.

00:58:00   But you're doing something nice in being nice to people who are, I think, throughout their day dealing with people who are not nice to them.

00:58:09   It is a very simple thing to do.

00:58:11   And you may more likely get what you want.

00:58:16   But at the same time, you're giving something to people that they want, which is a break from people being nasty to them all day.

00:58:23   And I like that.

00:58:24   I like that a lot.

00:58:26   One way I try to make this actionable for myself is to, like you said, especially in just, like, quick interactions, right, with, like, a service person who's helping you with something.

00:58:35   Like, not anybody, like, in your normal life.

00:58:37   But you can have these little interactions.

00:58:39   And I always try to remind myself, like, the content of the conversation is completely irrelevant.

00:58:47   It's actually just the demeanor of the conversation that is, like, what the other person is responding to.

00:58:53   And so when someone is making, like, idle chit-chat, all they want is to see that they get positive response.

00:59:03   But, like, the content of that response is, like, completely irrelevant.

00:59:07   And this is the, like, just have a friendly demeanor in interacting with people.

00:59:11   And they respond very well.

00:59:13   Again, I think the younger version of me could get a little caught up on, like, oh, this guy is commenting on the weather.

00:59:19   Yeah, I can see the weather.

00:59:21   I just came in from outside.

00:59:23   Why are you telling me this?

00:59:25   I was, like, that's not what's happening here.

00:59:27   This person is just doing, like, some kind of quick interaction to see if they get some positive reaction from you in the space of the 60 seconds you're going to be interacting with each other.

00:59:38   They're not asking about the literal weather.

00:59:41   That's not what's occurring in these moments.

00:59:43   And, yeah, just, like, be aware of your demeanor around people is very important.

00:59:48   This episode of Cordsex is brought to you by Memberful.

00:59:52   If you create content online, you will have thought about diversifying your income.

00:59:57   You want that security.

00:59:59   Or maybe you're just getting started and you want to engage with those early members of your audience.

01:00:03   Whatever stage you're at with content creation, Memberful is the best way to diversify your revenue stream and connect directly with your audience.

01:00:12   Memberful lets you offer membership perks and exclusive content to your loyal followers, giving you full control over who has access to your blog posts, newsletters, online courses, podcasts, private community chats, and more.

01:00:23   We use Memberful and CoreTex to provide MoreTex, which is our members-only show.

01:00:29   And this is a podcast that is enabled through Memberful.

01:00:32   People can sign up.

01:00:33   They're able to pay us.

01:00:34   It's all through the Memberful platform.

01:00:35   And then they're given an RSS feed, also managed through the Memberful platform, which is specific to that user, and gets them the content that they paid for.

01:00:42   It's so awesome.

01:00:43   We love it.

01:00:44   And this is why we've used them for years and years and years now.

01:00:48   For the whole time, we've done MoreTex, which is over five years.

01:00:50   But at Relay, we've been using Memberful for membership content for like 10 years now.

01:00:55   So easy to use.

01:00:56   You can set up and manage your membership program with their intuitive platform.

01:01:00   You can create multiple membership tiers and payment options that cater to your audience exactly.

01:01:05   And with Memberful, you'll always retain full control over your brand, your audience, and your business.

01:01:09   That is so important to us.

01:01:11   I also love how easy it is to integrate with Discord.

01:01:13   So we have a members Discord, and we love our members Discord.

01:01:16   And that is made possible through the integration that Memberful and Discord have together.

01:01:21   And they integrate with a ton of other tools that you're already using so you can monetize your content without changing your existing workflow.

01:01:27   It really is like a partnership between us and them.

01:01:31   And also, they have all these partnerships, too.

01:01:33   And you want to monetize with a partner and not a platform.

01:01:35   So whether you're launching, growing, or switching platforms, Memberful is committed to providing exceptional support at every stage of your journey.

01:01:41   I will attest to this.

01:01:43   They have been incredible to work with.

01:01:44   With Memberful, you're not just getting a tech solution.

01:01:47   You're gaining a trusted partner, ready to offer personalized guidance from setup to strategy.

01:01:51   Go now to memberful.com slash cortex to get started with Memberful.

01:01:55   That is M-E-M-B-E-R-F-U-L dot com slash cortex.

01:01:59   A thanks to Memberful for their support of this show.

01:02:03   The third section is how to win people to your way of thinking.

01:02:07   For me, this section starts off strong and then the book falls off the cliff.

01:02:13   I mean, I absolutely adore that.

01:02:15   Like when you're reading the book, it says, part three, how to win people to your way of thinking.

01:02:20   Chapter one, you can't win an argument.

01:02:24   Which I just think is like very funny.

01:02:26   How to win people to your way of thinking.

01:02:28   Step one, you can't.

01:02:30   It's like, I actually really love that though.

01:02:33   It's like right out of the gate.

01:02:34   He's letting you know something else here of like, you are thinking you're going to win arguments, but you will never win arguments.

01:02:41   And that principle one, the only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.

01:02:45   Like for me, it was one of the, this is one of the best things to take from the book, in my opinion.

01:02:50   Why prove to a man he is wrong?

01:02:52   That will not make him like you.

01:02:53   There is only one way to get the best of an argument and that is to avoid it.

01:02:57   And what Carnegie is getting at here, because I think people could hear that and be like, no, that doesn't make it, that's stupid.

01:03:04   Like that doesn't make any sense.

01:03:06   But what he is getting at here, I think is important, which is the majority of arguments.

01:03:11   Like if you are going toe to toe with someone, people just dig in.

01:03:15   Think about the arguments you have had in your life.

01:03:18   How often do you truly get somebody to be like, you know what, you were right.

01:03:23   Yeah.

01:03:24   It's so rare.

01:03:25   I don't think it happens, especially outside of the people who are the absolute closest to you.

01:03:32   I think it's so often that you would be having a discussion with someone and everybody leaves it just believing more strongly what they did at the beginning than they do at the end.

01:03:43   Yeah.

01:03:44   And Carnegie asks the question, would you prefer to have an academic victory or someone's goodwill?

01:03:49   And I think this is genuinely a question people have to ask of themselves.

01:03:53   Like, I think that it is perfectly valid to want one or the other.

01:03:58   I prefer to just have someone's goodwill.

01:04:01   I don't like to argue with people.

01:04:03   Like, for example, I want something that is so often in my life and is a good example of this.

01:04:10   I'll talk to people about what I do or, you know, what I'm interested in and, you know, like tech or whatever.

01:04:14   They'll be like, oh, iPhone sucks.

01:04:16   Android's better.

01:04:17   I don't engage with that argument.

01:04:20   And I never have because what's the point, right?

01:04:23   But you could, right?

01:04:25   Or like conversely, or someone could say the same.

01:04:28   Like, that is just there is no point engaging in this argument.

01:04:30   Oh, yeah.

01:04:31   Like, you know, there's so many things that are better on Android and just move on from it.

01:04:36   Like, I'm not interested in a debate like that, which is just meaningless.

01:04:40   Like, what is the point?

01:04:41   I would prefer to be able to just skate past that part of the conversation and get into something that is a bit more interesting to me than having, like, a meaningless debate.

01:04:51   But you could have it.

01:04:52   You could have that debate if you wanted it.

01:04:54   But I don't see the need.

01:04:56   Yeah, exactly.

01:04:57   This is, again, one of those moments where in real life when this comes up, it's like, oh, I will say something like, oh, yeah, like Android phones are, like, way more customizable than iPhones, right?

01:05:07   And it's like, that always reads to the other person as some kind of agreement.

01:05:12   That's the thing that's, like, I don't love.

01:05:14   And it's, like, very effective.

01:05:15   But that also is the way to, like, skate past this as fast as possible.

01:05:20   It's, like, great.

01:05:21   Some kind of minor sounds of what seemed like agreement.

01:05:26   But actually, if you're, like, parsing out the sentence is just a statement of fact with, like, no meaning behind it whatsoever.

01:05:32   This, to me, this chapter here, like, you can't win an argument.

01:05:37   This is the core chapter that is addressing the point of social cohesion versus truth.

01:05:43   The best way to win an argument is to avoid it.

01:05:45   Like, this is, like, here's where we're getting to this disagreement.

01:05:51   Which is also why I think it is no coincidence that this is where the book really starts to go downhill because he's doing more and more, like, you're actually engaging with other people.

01:06:02   He's not talking about what I think was, like, the more influential part for me, a kind of, like, manual of basic social politeness.

01:06:10   Now we're getting into the, like, how do you influence people?

01:06:14   And that's where this stuff, like, starts to come up more and more of, like, oh, there's a trade-off here.

01:06:19   Now it becomes bigger and bigger, this unspoken part.

01:06:23   There is a line in this section, which is my favorite line in the book, which is,

01:06:28   In a relationship, if one person yells, the other should listen, as if both people yell, there's no communication, just noise.

01:06:34   That is amazing.

01:06:35   Like, as a way to consider arguments with loved ones, if you're both just shouting, you're not communicating anymore.

01:06:43   Like, it's gone. It's done.

01:06:45   I would love to be able to internalize that.

01:06:46   Who knows how well people could actually do with that piece of advice.

01:06:50   Like, it does feel like one of these things that everyone in the family has to agree to and talk about all the time.

01:06:54   Otherwise, it's never going to be adhered to.

01:06:57   But I do think it's really nice.

01:06:58   Like, I like it a lot as an idea.

01:07:01   It's totally true.

01:07:02   And you need to have, like, buy-in on something like that from, like, everybody.

01:07:06   Like, this is what we're trying to do.

01:07:08   I think, like, this chapter, right, the argument chapter, when looking at it from a professional context, I think this is something that I do.

01:07:19   You can correct me if I'm wrong, or if you think I'm wrong here.

01:07:23   But I think in my work life and with my professional colleagues, I am pretty conflict avoidant.

01:07:30   Oh, yeah.

01:07:31   I would say that's, like, a thousand percent true.

01:07:34   You do the thing of, like, the best way to win the argument is to avoid it, a hundred percent.

01:07:39   Because I do think that in many cases, it's easier to get what you want in the longer term by avoiding conflict with people in the short term.

01:07:48   However, I do think this leads to situations where people take advantage of me.

01:07:55   I think that is the downside of this, is that if you don't argue with people or kind of stand up for yourself, you create a habit in others where they can kind of just push you around or, like, tell you what they're going to do.

01:08:12   Like, that is the downside to it, but I still believe in the upside, which is that, like, you do create a scenario with people that you work with where you are seen as someone who is willing to help them.

01:08:29   By not kind of arguing points or trying to make things, quote, unquote, difficult.

01:08:36   But it ends up in situations where you maybe lose more than you would like.

01:08:42   So you brought up a thing which I said at the start, there's a second problem that I have with this book.

01:08:49   And you've really hit upon the core of it now.

01:08:53   And I was like, wasn't quite sure how to bring this up.

01:08:54   But, like, when I say that the book has this real, like, idealized Americana vision to it, the other assumption is that you are always interacting with people who have good intentions.

01:09:10   So, like, another thing that is, like, underlying an enormous number of these stories, and, like, especially, like, it gets more and more as we're going on, is the only problems are problems of misunderstanding, is very much what this book has at its core.

01:09:29   Like, there's no problem that conversation can't solve.

01:09:34   And it's like, dot, dot, dot, I think that is true, given two participants who are making good faith efforts at trying to understand and resolve each other.

01:09:46   Like, what this book kind of makes me think of a lot is, it's like, you know the, like, tit for tat in game theory?

01:09:51   Have you come across this?

01:09:52   That doesn't ring a bell, so explain it to me.

01:09:54   Okay, so tit for tat is kind of like this very, very basic idea in game theory and social interactions,

01:10:01   which is, like, what is a strategy for cooperating with people versus not cooperating with people?

01:10:06   And you map out, like, a very basic two-by-two matrix of, like, both people cooperate, both people defect.

01:10:13   It's like the prisoner's dilemma kind of problem.

01:10:15   And tit for tat is the optimal solution under almost all circumstances, which is start with cooperation,

01:10:24   but if the other person isn't cooperating, you defect as well.

01:10:28   But it leaves you vulnerable in those, like, first interactions.

01:10:32   And this book feels like a world written for everyone playing, like, tit for tat,

01:10:40   where, like, the opening gambit is good faith trying to work with each other.

01:10:44   And it just isn't true, which is one of these reasons why I feel like the first two times I read this book,

01:10:52   I was relatively young and it had a positive impact on me because I needed a correction in a certain direction away from, like, this, like, annoying truth-telling thing.

01:11:02   But the older version of me looks at this book and I feel very hard what you're expressing is, like,

01:11:12   a lot of this is also a manual for how to be taken advantage of and how to be manipulated by people who are not doing this at all but can seem like they are.

01:11:24   Right.

01:11:25   Or can act in other intentionally malicious ways.

01:11:29   It's like, this book has absolutely nothing in it about how to deal with someone who's not helping, right?

01:11:38   Who's trying to, like, intentionally manipulate you.

01:11:41   And the very first example in this book gets right to what I think is that tension, where he talks about this, like, killer from the 1930s, like, two-gun Crowley,

01:11:53   who was going on this, like, I looked it up afterwards, like, multi-month-long, like, breaking and entering murder spree,

01:12:00   like, breaking into people's homes, killing them in cold blood.

01:12:04   He shoots a police officer who's, like, asking for his license, like, he goes through, like, the story of this.

01:12:10   And the thing that Dale Carnegie is trying to drive home is, like, this line here is, like,

01:12:15   ah, when two-gun Crowley, like, arrived in Sing Sing, like, for his execution.

01:12:19   I was, like, what did he say when they were putting him in the chair?

01:12:22   Did he say, this is what I get for murdering people?

01:12:25   No.

01:12:26   He said, this is what I get for defending myself.

01:12:30   And it's very interesting, because, like, this book frequently uses examples from prison,

01:12:36   because he's got some, like, book that he's clearly pulling sources from, like, this biography of, like, this warden in Sing Sing, like, giving examples.

01:12:42   But it's always, like, so divorced from a certain kind of reality, because, like, oh, he tells the story,

01:12:50   and the point of the story is people never think they've done anything wrong.

01:12:55   It's like, okay, that's great, that's true, but all the examples you're giving me are of people who are, like, in prison,

01:13:02   who are separated from society, but in real life, this is, like, an actual problem that, like, as you live life,

01:13:11   you will eventually, like, run across with people who just, like, never think that they're wrong,

01:13:16   and, like, cause you all kinds of problems.

01:13:19   And the book just, like, doesn't have anything for that.

01:13:23   The book's whole answer is always, like, talk to them and understand more.

01:13:28   But, like, that just doesn't always work.

01:13:30   People exist on a spectrum, from, like, murderers in prison to just, like, bad people and con artists.

01:13:38   Is this when he also talks about, there's, like, someone in a gold rush town who is killing people,

01:13:47   and this woman goes there?

01:13:49   Oh, yes, what is, uh, what is this insane example?

01:13:54   Why are you bringing this up?

01:13:56   It's like, oh, this guy, he's, like, a real murderer, but actually he's just a little bit misunderstood.

01:14:00   And then it's, like, he wanted to go turn himself in, and then he got killed.

01:14:03   And it's, like, what is, why have you put this in here?

01:14:08   It's really weird.

01:14:09   Like, it's, like, very strange.

01:14:13   There's even, like, on a lesser example, like, again, the dealing with difficult people thing.

01:14:17   There's a principle, which I love the name of this principle.

01:14:20   One of them is, like, never give a dog a bad name.

01:14:23   This also, to me, is just, like, a huge red flag in people.

01:14:27   Like, when people give their dog some, like, bad name, oh, boy, do I always feel like that portrays something, like, cognitively very wrong with the person.

01:14:36   Give me a bad dog name.

01:14:37   What's a bad dog name?

01:14:38   Like, I'll give a mild version, but it's, like, people will name a bad dog something like Little Stinker.

01:14:43   Ah, okay.

01:14:44   Don't do that, right?

01:14:45   Right, yes, I know exactly what you're talking about.

01:14:48   There are more extreme examples of this, but they give the dog a name that means something negative.

01:14:53   It's, like, I've seen people who were, like, that dog's name is Dummy.

01:14:56   And it's, like, that's the dog's name, Dummy.

01:14:59   And it's, like, oh, boy, does that make me think we should, like, separate you from society immediately, like, the very fact that you made this decision.

01:15:07   Like, I think that's a great named principle.

01:15:10   And the point in that is, like, something about labeling people, which is, like, again, is very true.

01:15:16   Like, don't give people these, like, bad labels.

01:15:18   They'll totally live up to it.

01:15:20   But as a former teacher, he has this, like, insanely crazy example of, like, a schoolteacher, she knew she was going to get terrible Tim next year.

01:15:30   And, like, everybody called him terrible Tim.

01:15:32   But she instead made him, like, terrific Tim.

01:15:35   And it was his job to make sure that, like, the classroom would run perfectly.

01:15:39   And she just, like, really laid it on thick of, like, Tim, I'm really going to depend on you to, like, help me out and, like, keep this class going.

01:15:46   And it worked.

01:15:47   And it's, like, uh, I don't know, man.

01:15:51   Like, that could work sometimes.

01:15:54   But is the, like, should we open up Sing Sing?

01:15:56   And was the problem there that we just tell all these guys, hey, I don't know if you knew this, but you're actually good guys.

01:16:03   Was, like, Two Gun Crowley's problem the fact that he had the nickname Two Gun?

01:16:08   Or is the problem that he killed people with two guns and got the nickname?

01:16:13   If only they called him No Gun Crowley, you know?

01:16:16   Yeah, exactly.

01:16:16   There would have been No Guns.

01:16:18   This is the, like, my frustration with this is, like, some kind of, like, everything is a misunderstanding.

01:16:24   Everything can be solved through conversation.

01:16:27   It's, like, uh, I'm pretty sure it can't, but the book just has no answer to that at all.

01:16:35   And, like, everything is, like, we just need to work it out.

01:16:37   It's even funny, like, he has a bunch of examples.

01:16:40   Like, he really loves, like, President Roosevelt and Taft.

01:16:42   Like, he also brings these up as an example all the time.

01:16:45   And it's just, like, insane to imagine, like, oh, do you know what the only problem was between two of the most powerful men in America fighting for the presidency?

01:16:52   They just didn't, like, sit down and talk through their problems enough?

01:16:56   And it's, like, I don't think so.

01:16:57   I think there's no version of, like, oh, they just talked it out a bunch more that would have resolved, like, their conflict.

01:17:04   Before we leave this, because for me, like, I'm very close to wrapping up what is the longest section of the book, which is this one, principle-wise.

01:17:13   There are 12 principles in how to win people to your way of thinking.

01:17:17   And I genuinely, for me, think there are, like, three or four good ones, right?

01:17:21   So there's the only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.

01:17:25   There are also, like, ones I don't really want to get into too much.

01:17:28   But, like, if you're wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.

01:17:30   Just a nice idea.

01:17:31   And show your respect for the other person's opinion.

01:17:35   Never say, you're wrong.

01:17:38   Which I do like, actually, as a thing.

01:17:40   Because this gets into, like, a thing that I've kind of felt for a number of years now.

01:17:46   I think we even spoke about it on the show before.

01:17:47   Of, like, everybody has their own, what they believe to be true.

01:17:52   And so it's hard, I think, sometimes to actually try and accurately pinpoint what is true if multiple people think different things about truth.

01:18:02   And so I feel like if you can't, therefore, be 100% sure that you're right about something, can you tell someone they're wrong?

01:18:11   And Carnegie talks about, like, by doing that, by saying somebody is wrong, you are striking a blow at their intelligence, their pride, and their self-respect.

01:18:19   And then they will strike back at you.

01:18:20   So the best way is to more, like, softly, softly do it.

01:18:25   And he talks a lot about, like, maybe I'm wrong, but.

01:18:28   You know, like, that kind of, like, trying to, like, bring yourself down a peg rather than trying to be, like, the all-knowing individual.

01:18:36   I think that is good in arguments, but is, I think, complicated and difficult for a lot of people to be able to try and get to that.

01:18:44   Because you do believe what you believe as true, otherwise you wouldn't believe it.

01:18:48   And, like, so it's a complicated thing.

01:18:51   Before we do move on, though, I do feel like that we are within detached-from-reality anecdote time.

01:18:58   And so I want to talk about my favorite one of these.

01:19:01   Okay, what's your favorite from the book?

01:19:02   So every one of these books, they're just filled with stories that seem too perfect, right?

01:19:08   And this book has them.

01:19:09   I actually think, better than many of the others, there are just some clangers going back into the past of these episodes.

01:19:18   But basically, this book often has, something occurs, next thing you know, the biggest order ever has been placed.

01:19:28   Yeah.

01:19:29   This happens all the time.

01:19:31   All the time.

01:19:32   Here is my favorite.

01:19:33   There is a company that has a customer who is late on paying their bills, and they're sending reminders to that person to pay the bills.

01:19:44   The customer is convinced that he has paid these bills and is ignoring the reminders.

01:19:49   Then the customer gets so mad, he travels to Chicago to tell the company in person he will no longer buy anything from them.

01:19:59   The manager of the company listens, hears this person out, and says, hey, I would be mad too.

01:20:06   And I'm happy to hear this, because now I know that these reminders that we send can upset people.

01:20:12   So we'll think about how we should approach that in the future.

01:20:16   The customer, unsatisfied, says he will never buy from them again.

01:20:20   The manager then recommends competitors that this customer can buy from instead.

01:20:28   Then the manager takes the customer for lunch, which was a tradition whenever this person was in town.

01:20:33   The customer is so taken aback by this wonderful treatment that he places his largest ever order and becomes a bigger customer in the long term.

01:20:42   Now, this happens so often in the book, but this one continues.

01:20:45   The customer then gives the middle name of the company manager to his own son.

01:20:52   And then the customer and manager are good friends for life.

01:20:56   Right, yeah.

01:20:57   Could this have happened?

01:20:58   Sure, right?

01:20:59   Like, there is a world in which this happened.

01:21:01   But I think this book, for me, actually uncovered something about these examples.

01:21:08   They could all be truthful.

01:21:10   The problem is, you only ever hear about these, right?

01:21:15   And this one, to me, like, when he said, like, oh, he gives the name of the manager to his son, I just burst out laughing.

01:21:21   Like, what is going on here?

01:21:23   Yeah, it's the ultimate, like, oh, they just needed to be listened and understood.

01:21:28   And then all problems were resolved to an absurd degree.

01:21:32   I feel like that one kind of blended in with a bunch of the other ones for me.

01:21:36   But it's like, yes, that has all of the things in one spot.

01:21:39   And I forgot about the son's name.

01:21:42   It's just like, oh, God, unbelievable.

01:21:44   This episode of Cortex is brought to you by Google Gemini.

01:21:49   I used Gemini for the first time the other day.

01:21:52   And the most impressive thing to me was just talking to it.

01:21:55   You go live with it.

01:21:56   And then it's like you're having a conversation.

01:21:58   You can talk about your day or have it explain something to you or start brainstorming ideas.

01:22:02   I'm going to give you an example.

01:22:04   I pretended that I had a job interview coming up.

01:22:06   And I asked it to help me prep for the interview.

01:22:09   It immediately started suggesting common questions that I might get asked.

01:22:12   Then I started talking through my answers out loud, and it would give me feedback.

01:22:16   It's all happening in real time, like I'm talking to a career coach.

01:22:19   That's just what I tried first, but you can talk to about anything.

01:22:22   And that's the magic of it, how you can have this back and forth, and it's all seamless.

01:22:26   If you haven't tried it yet, it's definitely worth checking out.

01:22:28   You'll see what I mean.

01:22:30   A thanks to Google Gemini for their support of this show and all of Relay.

01:22:33   The last section is, be a leader, how to change people without giving offense or rousing resentment.

01:22:39   There are nine principles in this section.

01:22:42   There are only two of them that kind of really spoke to me.

01:22:46   And also, this is like in my notes, the funny thing of like the least amount of notes taken is in this overall section.

01:22:54   But the principles that I liked here were to talk about your own mistakes before criticizing the other person.

01:22:59   And it's like this idea of like, if you need to tell someone that they have screwed up, it is nicer to soften it by being like, I also mess up.

01:23:10   And this is something that I, again, I feel like I can think of times where I have done this kind of thing.

01:23:15   I think it is a way to try and help keep someone motivated, even though something has to be corrected.

01:23:21   Like, you can't ignore it.

01:23:24   And like, I feel like there is a different way that this book could have gone where it's like, never acknowledge somebody's mistakes.

01:23:30   Like, you could see that scenario being played out in this book.

01:23:32   But like, that isn't realistic.

01:23:35   Like, if somebody has messed up, you've got to let them know so they can correct it.

01:23:40   But people, I think, are more willing to hear it if they are not made to feel like they're stupid.

01:23:46   I like that they're the only person that could have made that mistake.

01:23:49   So I think that's good.

01:23:51   And then also the other principle I liked was ask questions instead of giving direct orders.

01:23:56   And this one, again, is on the manipulation line, which is a lot of in this last segment, which is why I resonate so much with it.

01:24:04   But that you can kind of ask questions of people to help them get involved in something rather than just telling them what they need to do.

01:24:16   And again, this section includes one of these wild things.

01:24:19   It was like some, like a guy takes a company out.

01:24:22   He's having a problem with his company and he takes everybody out on a retreat.

01:24:25   And then it ends up now that everybody works overtime for free or something.

01:24:28   It's just like, all right, we've gone too far.

01:24:31   Yeah, I actually really like this principle, but I don't like it in the context of being a leader.

01:24:37   Ask questions instead of giving direct orders is in real life on a one-to-one interaction with people.

01:24:43   I think one of the best ways to get people to change their mind about something is like don't try to convince them.

01:24:49   Ask them a bunch of questions about, like, what are they thinking?

01:24:52   How are they thinking?

01:24:52   But I don't like it in the context of, like, you're in a work environment.

01:24:58   You know, again, a lot of these stories are like you're a manager and it's a problem with your employees.

01:25:02   It's like, well, then the whole framing is like there's not an honest conversation happening there.

01:25:09   It's more like I'm just trying to get you to do something.

01:25:12   Is this the way I can get you to do it is by asking a bunch of questions.

01:25:15   So it's like I really like this in an interpersonal context, but I just hate it in a business context.

01:25:20   It feels so manipulative and leads right into the next one of like let the other person save face, which is the similar kind of thing of like, oh, you're firing someone or you're like someone's really bad at their job, but you're putting them somewhere else.

01:25:38   But you're giving them like a fancy title like this kind of stuff.

01:25:42   Again, like the golly gee willikers style here is where it kind of curdles for me.

01:25:47   Like, but what are we doing?

01:25:48   Right.

01:25:48   Like, ah, you've you've sent someone off to Siberia in your company, but you've given them like a fancy title.

01:25:54   So they've saved some face about not getting fired or relocated for being bad.

01:25:59   It's like even if it works, I just don't like it.

01:26:02   And with this whole section, I feel mostly the same way as you.

01:26:05   Like I'm just looking through.

01:26:06   It's like I took the fewest notes.

01:26:07   I remember feeling like kind of sad for most of this whole section.

01:26:11   However, I do think one of the best actionable pieces of advice is in this section.

01:26:16   He's talking about the thing that you were saying of like, oh, if you're going to find fault, like begin with praise.

01:26:22   And he has like an addendum to this, which I think I'm just going to read this whole section because I think it's gold.

01:26:27   So he's talking about like you're trying to criticize someone, but like you start with saying what is good.

01:26:32   He says, there is, however, like one three letter word that destroys this intention.

01:26:38   It's the word, but the word, but is poison.

01:26:42   It delivers the criticism in the guise of a compliment that cloaks the true meaning of the statement.

01:26:48   Your dress is lovely, but that color is unbecoming.

01:26:52   Or you pass the last test with flying colors, but you're failing the class.

01:26:57   This one molehill of a word can make a mountain of difference because when the but appears, the praise, however sincere, shows to the person it was but a mere lead-in to what you really wanted to say.

01:27:12   What started as a genuine compliment has now turned sour as forgotten milk.

01:27:19   The word but means trouble, and the person on the receiving end knows it.

01:27:24   And I think that is like fantastic.

01:27:27   That is absolutely fantastic advice for talking to people.

01:27:31   It's like, oh, I know I have failed this one where it's like I'm trying to like say something positive and then you like follow it up with a but.

01:27:39   And it's like, this has really just triggered a thing in my brain of like, oh, yeah, this is just terrible.

01:27:45   It totally negates the actual genuine compliment.

01:27:49   And it's also like I feel like I've been on the receiving end of this as well.

01:27:53   We're like, oh, you know you're in trouble for someone and the person is leading with things that were good.

01:27:58   And it actually just feels so much worse.

01:28:01   And the reason is because you're waiting for the but.

01:28:05   Like, but this.

01:28:08   Just this morning, I was like sending a text message to someone doing this exact same kind of thing of like, oh, there's like a thing that's positive and there's a thing that's negative.

01:28:15   And I caught myself doing like, here's the positive thing, but here's like the negative thing.

01:28:20   And I just like reworded the whole message to like try to remove that and make it like clear.

01:28:24   These are two distinct things like this is very good.

01:28:28   This needs to be improved.

01:28:29   So while, again, I don't love this whole section, I think that's just like fantastic, fantastic advice.

01:28:35   But let me tell you right now the thing that is like for me, the book ends on the most sour of all examples, which is about giving people titles to make them do things.

01:28:47   And so the final example of the story is about like a guy who's running a grocery store and he has an employee who's like doing a very bad job of posting the prices.

01:28:56   It says like, so Mr. Schmidt called the young man into his office and appointed him supervisor of price tag posting for the entire store that he would be responsible for keeping all the shelves properly tagged.

01:29:09   This new responsibility entitled made the young man's attitude completely changed and he fulfilled his duties satisfactorily from then on.

01:29:17   Childish?

01:29:18   Perhaps.

01:29:19   But this is what they said to Napoleon when he created the Legion of Honor and distributed 15,000 crosses to his soldiers and made 18 of his generals, quote,

01:29:30   Marshal's of France and called his troops the Grand Army.

01:29:34   Napoleon was criticized for giving toys to war-hardened veterans and Napoleon replied, men are ruled by toys.

01:29:43   And that is the ending example of the book.

01:29:46   And I'm just like, oh my God, I hate it so much.

01:29:50   Could you have ended on like anything other than that?

01:29:54   But I still really do recommend the book to people.

01:29:56   It's a great book.

01:29:57   It's a great book.

01:29:58   It is.

01:29:58   Like it really is.

01:29:59   This is also the thing like I'm very aware on a meta level of a number of times in this conversation I've tried to flag up like what do you do in normal conversations?

01:30:08   Because like, ah, Mike and I right now are not having a normal conversation.

01:30:12   Like we're having a podcast conversation.

01:30:14   It's like it's different.

01:30:16   Like it's more fun and entertaining to focus on the negative.

01:30:19   Like I think this is a whole aspect of the world that didn't exist before.

01:30:24   Like genuinely, like this book is very good.

01:30:27   Like I think for most people on an interpersonal basis, assuming that you are working with people who are also trying their best.

01:30:36   Like it fails in a lot of edge cases.

01:30:38   But I think I would recommend this book basically to everyone.

01:30:43   Like the world would be a better place if everyone just read like the first three chapters and just like heard these ideas expressed this way once.

01:30:52   I have a lot of frustrations with the book and this like happy Sesame Street land of everyone's trying to get along that it portrays.

01:30:59   But it still is a net good, I think, that this book exists.

01:31:02   Saying that this book is good, I can attest to, because I have already found myself in situations where I've used its principles in times that have been very helpful for me.

01:31:14   So the last few weeks of my life, I found myself in many new scenarios.

01:31:19   And I bet I have been using some of the things that the book talks about in my interactions with people in maternity situations.

01:31:32   So something that I've been trying to do is like smile more when I'm talking to people, you know, like doctors, nurses, midwives, that kind of thing.

01:31:40   I've been trying to make more eye contact when I'm talking to people, a little bit of small talk and stuff like that, which the book talks about.

01:31:47   It was like, you know, these kinds of pleasantries and interactions make people maybe remember you more or just warm to you.

01:31:56   And in that, it actually makes it better for me because that person is more warm to me.

01:32:02   And so like, I've found that to be good.

01:32:05   And this can just be in circumstances like for, we were at an appointment a couple of days ago.

01:32:10   And my wife really wanted some water and I couldn't find anything.

01:32:14   And it was kind of in this, it was over the weekend.

01:32:16   So we were in this like health clinic, but most of the clinic was closed off and they had a security guard there because they just had it for like where they would see children.

01:32:25   And I said to the guy, I was like, is there any water here?

01:32:27   You know, my wife really would like some water.

01:32:29   And he's like, I was like, it would be super helpful.

01:32:31   And it's like, okay, come on.

01:32:32   And he took me into the closed area of the clinic to the water fountain.

01:32:37   I was like, oh, that is so amazing.

01:32:38   Thank you so much.

01:32:39   It's like, just I went over what I would naturally do.

01:32:43   And I think that it did help me get what I needed, which I think that is exactly what I am attempting to get.

01:32:51   Like, in this part of my life now, like I have to take care of my family in a way that is different to how I would before.

01:33:01   And so trying to put myself in situations where people are, they genuinely want to help me is better for everyone.

01:33:12   And like another example of this is we had to go back into hospital.

01:33:16   We stayed overnight.

01:33:17   Everything's fine.

01:33:17   Just these things happen.

01:33:19   And we were trying to get out of the hospital.

01:33:21   Like, we'd done everything we needed.

01:33:23   Everything was fine.

01:33:24   But the discharge paperwork was just taking ages.

01:33:27   You know, it was like five o'clock in the afternoon.

01:33:29   The doctor says you're all good to go.

01:33:31   And now it is like 8 p.m.

01:33:34   And we're still not leaving.

01:33:37   And so I was like, all right.

01:33:40   I try my best in these scenarios not to bug people because it's like this is just, you know, no one really wants to be bugged in these situations.

01:33:47   But, you know, it's getting late now.

01:33:49   Everyone's getting hungry.

01:33:51   And if we have to stay much longer, we have this whole song and dance that we have to restart of like feeding the baby and stuff.

01:33:56   So I went to the desk and I was like, I'm so sorry to bother you.

01:34:03   Like, you know, like really being nice about it.

01:34:05   So, you know, explain in a situation, you know, we'd like to leave.

01:34:08   Do you have any idea how long this might take?

01:34:10   And they were like, oh, it could take up to two hours.

01:34:12   And I just did two hours.

01:34:14   And I was like, and I just, a previous version of me would have just continued that level of outrage at the scenario.

01:34:21   But instead, I was like, I'm so sorry.

01:34:23   I shouldn't have reacted like that.

01:34:24   We just, it's been a long day.

01:34:26   We're really stressed.

01:34:27   I understand, but if there's anything you can do, we really appreciate it.

01:34:31   It would be super helpful.

01:34:31   And she was like, is there anything I can get you?

01:34:34   I was like, da, da, da, da, da.

01:34:35   20 minutes later, the paperwork was there.

01:34:37   I don't know if the way that I dealt with that helped that.

01:34:43   But what I am very confident about is if I would have continued my initial feeling, I would not have left that hospital in 20 minutes.

01:34:51   And so, like, I put myself in a situation where I genuinely believe somebody wanted to help me.

01:34:59   Rather than if I would have given them how I truly felt in that scenario, I don't think I would have gotten that.

01:35:08   Yeah, I've been finding these things to be really helpful in these scenarios of, like, dealing with people that are completely new to me and there is something I need, there is something they need.

01:35:19   And I'm finding that the warmer I am, the more open I am, courteous, I am able to get what I need more easily in a way that people want to help me.

01:35:30   Also, like, just in general, like, I am in a phase of my life right now where I'm meeting new people.

01:35:35   I'm going to be meeting lots of more people over the coming years, which is just related to kind of, like, having a child and all that stuff.

01:35:41   And I've spoken about this in previous year themes, right, of, like, trying to make more relationships in this part of my life.

01:35:48   Like, that was kind of, like, what part of the year weekend was, is in hoping this kind of thing would happen.

01:35:53   And that I would build more relationships, the same as year of people, right, like, it's about building these relationships.

01:35:59   I do think the principles of this book will actually help me a lot.

01:36:03   And, like, as I was reading through, I was thinking about how I could use some of them, reflecting on ways that I've been doing some of these things naturally.

01:36:09   Like, just being interested in other people and making that a core of conversation, I think, will help me a lot.

01:36:20   Yeah, this book, I think, is fantastic.

01:36:22   I could not recommend this book enough.

01:36:24   Like, we will never be wholly positive about these things because it's just not possible with the way that they're written.

01:36:30   And I think this book is the same as so many, which is, like, 50% of this book is, like, perfect, you know, and it's the first 50.

01:36:38   And with all of them, it just continues past the point of logic because that's just how these books go, as in, like, where would the logical end point be?

01:36:48   But I recommend reading the whole thing because I think different people would relate to it differently.

01:36:53   And also, this book is written in such a way which is really helpful for this.

01:36:56   Like, it is broken up into these small chapters, which makes it easy to digest.

01:37:00   And I think really easy to relate back to because you can go back and just read that one principle that you care about kind of, like, frequently.

01:37:08   Yeah.

01:37:08   So, yeah.

01:37:08   Loved it.

01:37:09   Thought this was great.

01:37:10   Yes.

01:37:11   And again, I, too, would recommend this book to anyone.

01:37:15   I feel like it's our most positive episode of Book Club ever.

01:37:20   And I'm really glad that we revisited this one.

01:37:23   And I'm really happy to be doing the Cortex Book Club.

01:37:25   Well, would you like to do Cortex Movie Club?

01:37:28   Sure.

01:37:29   Let's do Movie Club.

01:37:30   Next episode, we're going to watch The Social Network, the 2010 American biographical drama film, as it's described on Wikipedia, by David Fincher and written by Aaron Sorkin, who wrote The West Wing, which is about the beginning of Facebook.

01:37:49   I have been avoiding this movie forever.

01:37:54   It feels like this isn't one of those movies where I just happen to have not seen it.

01:37:59   This is what I've just felt like.

01:38:01   I don't know about this one, so I've been avoiding it for forever.

01:38:04   But I guess no more Cortex Movie Club comes for us all.

01:38:08   So I'll be watching it for the first time.

01:38:10   Quick preview.

01:38:11   I wonder how it holds up in the social media landscape and the social media company landscape that we have today.

01:38:29   I think the portrayal of Zuckerberg has probably done a 720 degree spin since then to now.

01:38:39   I'm really intrigued to watch this movie again with 20, 25 eyes.

01:38:43   So we're going to do that and talk about it on the next episode.

01:38:45   All right.

01:38:46   Looking forward to it.

01:38:47   Cortexans, this show is over, but it doesn't have to be.

01:38:51   You can get longer, ad-free episodes by going to getmortex.com.

01:38:56   On this episode, you'll hear about why I sound different right now.

01:38:59   I'm recording from home on my iPhone because my paternity leave started sooner than I expected.

01:39:04   The baby came early.

01:39:05   If you want to get my first few weeks of thoughts of being a dad and what that means for my work, go to getmortex.com.